Peds

Question 1

What does the APGAR score describe?

Answer 1

determines the Immediate respiratory needs of the child  when born.
Appearance
Pulse
Grimmace
Activity
Respiratory drive

A score of 8-10 is considered normal.

Question 2

When is a baby able to lift its head when prone?

Answer 2

3 months

Question 3

When is a baby able to roll over?

Answer 3

6 months

Question 4

When is a baby able to sit up?

Answer 4

9 months

Question 5

When is a baby able to stand and cruise around?

Answer 5

12 months

Question 6

When is a baby able to walk?

Answer 6

14 months

Question 7

When is a baby able to use words?

Answer 7

15-18 months

Question 8

When is a baby able to combine words?

Answer 8

18-21 months

Question 9

When is a baby able to develop a propulsive gait?

Answer 9

36 months

Question 10

How long should a splint be kept on in relation to a cast?

Answer 10

When casting has been employed for a soft tissue correction.

The splint should be worn for twice as long.

Question 11

What is the difference between the ganely splint and the denis-browne bar?

Answer 11

Same indications however, the Denis Browne bar allows for some forefoot to rearfoot control.

Question 12

What is the denis-browne bar utilized to treat?

Answer 12

Metatarsus adductus

Pes planovalgus

Question 13

What is a fillauer bar?

Answer 13

The exact same thing as a Denis-Browne Bar except it clamps to the soles of the patients shoes.

Requires rigid soled shoes for attachment.

Question 14

What is a Unibar?

Answer 14

the same as a denis-Browne bar but it has a ball and socket joint beneath the foot allowing for varus positioning preventing STJ/MTJ subluxation and eliminating the need to prebend the bar.

Question 15

What type of shoe is used to maintain the ponsetti correction?

Answer 15

The Bebax shoe

Used to treat forefoot to rearfoot abnormalities such as metatarsus adductus.

Question 16

What is the Wheaton brace used to treat?

Answer 16

Used to treat metatarsus adductus.

Used as an alternative to serial casting for met adductus.

Can be paired with a system above the knee to prevent twisting of the femur or hip.

Question 17

What are twister cables used for?

Answer 17

Cables worn under the clothes that help to prevent abduction in heel strike for patients that have cerebral palsy.

Question 18

What is the friedman counter splint or flexosplint sued for?

Answer 18

A dynamic splint consisting of a belt around the posterior heels allowing motion in all planes except internal rotation indicated for internal tibial torsion.

Question 19

Lewin disease

Answer 19

Distal tibial apophysitis

Question 20

Ritter disease

Answer 20

Proximal fibular head

Question 21

What is Treve disease?

Answer 21

AVN of the fibular sesamoid

Question 22

What is Assmans disease?

Answer 22

Osteochondrosis of the head of the first metatarsal.

Question 23

What is ortalinis sign?

Answer 23

With the baby put into supine the hips and knees are flexed to 90 degrees.

the hips are examined one at a time grasping the thigh with middle finger over greater trochanter and lifting/abducting the thigh while stabilizing the pelvis and opposite leg with the other hand.

The test is positive whena palpable click is felt ans the femoral head is made to enter the acetabulum.

Question 24

What is the Barlow sign?

Answer 24

Baby is placed in supine with the hips and knees flexed.

With the thumb on the lesser trochanter in the groin and the middle finger of the same hand on the greater trochanter laterally, gently apply pressure down on the knee while simultaneously applying lateral pressure with the thumb.

The dislocated hip then becomes displaced with a palpable clunk as the head slips over the posterior aspect of the acetabulum.

This actively dislocates an unstable hip!**

Question 25

What does the anchor sign tell you?

Answer 25

It tells you the peds patient has a dislocated hip.

Have the baby lying prone and straighten both legs.
If the gluteal folds dont match there will be more folds on the dislocated side.

Question 26

What is the Galeazzi sign?

Answer 26

With the patient supine and both legs flexed, look for one knee being lower than the other in height.

Question 27

Beatson and PEarson assessment for club foot

Answer 27

Add the talar calcaneal angles from both the AP and lateral views.

If they combine to less than 40 the foot is clubbed.

Question 28

Describe congenital vertical talus

Answer 28

A condition in which the talus is plantarflexed so severely

Navicular dislocates dorsally

Forefoot becomes abducted and dorsiflexed at the MTJ

Calcaneus moves into valgus and equinus

Foot may actually touch the anterior tibia.

rigidity is hallmark!! TA becomes contracted and the spring ligament is elongated.

Question 29

Describe the radiographic test for vertical talus

Answer 29

Two lateral projections are taken.

One with the foot forecefully plantarlfexed proving that the TN relationship remains unchanged.