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Science 2021. > Transport Systems (Circulatory System). > Flashcards

Transport Systems (Circulatory System). Flashcards

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1
Q

Name materials that are delivered to body cells by the circulatory system.

A

Body cells need materials like oxygen, glucose, amino acids, hormones and heat, and these are delivered to them by the circulatory system.

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2
Q

Name one waste material the circulatory system gets rid of?

A

The circulatory system also gets rid of waste materials such as carbon dioxide.

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3
Q

The circulatory system comprises three components: Name them.

A

The circulatory system comprises three components:

  • The heart.
  • The blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries).
  • Blood.
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4
Q

What is the heart?

A

The heart is a muscular organ that is the pump that creates the force to push blood and its components through blood vessels to all the body cells.

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5
Q

Blood flows in one direction in the circulatory system. Explain how this is made possible?

A

Blood flows in one direction in the circulatory system.

This is made possible by valves in the heart and veins which prevent the backflow of blood.

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6
Q

What is the name of the muscle of the heart and what does it do?

A

The muscle of the heart is called the cardiac muscle - it is strong and pumps blood rhythmically throughout the life of an organism.

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7
Q

The cardiac muscles is divided into four chambers: Name them.

A

It is divided into four chambers: these are two atria (singular atrium) and two ventricles.

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8
Q

What happens when the heart muscle contracts?

A

When the heart muscle contracts, blood is pushed through blood vessels to all body cells.

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9
Q

What does the right atrium do?

A

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body.

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10
Q

What does the left atrium do?

A

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, where the blood is oxygenated.

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11
Q

Where are the semilunar valves found?

A

They are found at the point where deoxygenated blood leaves the heart via the pulmonary artery on the right side and oxygenated blood via the aorta.

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12
Q

What do the semilunar valves do?

A

The valves prevent the backflow of blood.

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13
Q

What does the atrial-ventricular septum do?

A

It separates the atria from the ventricles so that the atria do not contract at the same times as the ventricles.

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14
Q

What would happen if the atria were to contract at the same time as the ventricles?

A

If this were to happen, blood would be trapped inside the heart, as it would be squeezed from the top and bottom at the same time.

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15
Q

What does the septum do?

A

It divides the heart into two halves.

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16
Q

What does the right ventricle do?

A

The right ventricles receive deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs.

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17
Q

What does the left ventricle do?

A

The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the heart and the rest of the body.

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18
Q

Where is the pacemaker located and what does the pacemaker do?

A

Located in the right atrium, near to the opening of the vena cava.
This is where heart action is initiated.

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19
Q

What do the tricuspid valves do?

A

Prevent deoxygenated blood from going back into the right atrium.

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20
Q

What do the atrioventricular valves do?

A

Prevent oxygenated blood from going back into the left atrium.

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21
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do?

A

This artery transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, where it is oxygenated.

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22
Q

What does the pulmonary vein do?

A

This vein transports oxygenated blood from the lungs where it is oxygenated, to the left atrium.

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23
Q

Fill in the missing answers:
The vena cavae (singular vena ___) are the _______ veins in the body. They deliver ________ blood to the right _____ of the heart.

A

The vena cavae (singular vena cava) are the largest veins in the body. They deliver deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart.

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24
Q

What does the superior vena cava do?

A

The superior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the top part of the body.

25
Q

What does the inferior vena cava do?

A

The inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle parts of the body.

26
Q

True or False.

The aorta is the smallest artery in the body.

A

False. The aorta is the largest artery in the body.

27
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

It carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.

28
Q

Define double circulation.

A

In humans, blood passes through the heart twice in one complete circuit. This is called double circulation.

29
Q

The double circulatory system has two distinct circuits: Name them and the links.

A

The double circulatory system has two distinct circuits:

  • Systemic circulation (links to heart and body).
  • Pulmonary circulation (links to heat and the lungs).
30
Q

Define systemic circulation.

A

Systemic circulation is the movement of blood from the heart through the body.

31
Q

Define pulmonary circulation.

A

Pulmonary circulation is the exchange of blood and other tissue fluids between the heart, the lungs, and back.

32
Q

Define cardiac diastole.

A

All the chambers of the heart are relaxed and blood enters both sides of the heart simultaneously.

33
Q

Define atrial systole.

A

Atria contract and push blood into the ventricles.

34
Q

Define ventricular systole.

A

Ventricles contract and push blood out of the heart.

35
Q

There are three main types of blood vessels. These are:?

A

There are three main types of blood vessels. These are:

  • Arteries.
  • Veins.
  • Capillaries.
36
Q

Arteries have thick muscular, elastic walls. Why?

A

Arteries have thick muscular, elastic walls to transport blood under high pressure.

37
Q

All arteries carry blood away from the heart. What kind of blood do they carry (oxygenated or deoxygenated)?

A

They also carry oxygenated blood, except the pulmonary arteries which carry deoxygenated blood.

38
Q

Why are the walls of veins thinner than arteries?

A

Veins have thinner walls than arteries and transport blood under lower pressure.

39
Q

All veins carry blood towards the heart. What kind of blood do they carry (oxygenated or deoxygenated)?

A

They also carry deoxygenated blood, except the pulmonary veins which carry oxygenated blood.

40
Q

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessel, Their walls are only one cell thick, why?

A

Their walls are only one cell thick, which allows for easy exchange of materials between blood and the cells.

41
Q

State the three objectives of an artery (Outer wall, lumen, muscles and elastic fibres).

A
  • Thick outer wall.
  • Small lumen.
  • Thick layers of muscles and elastic fibres.
42
Q

State the three objectives of a vein (Outer wall, lumen, muscles and elastic fibres).

A
  • Fairly thin outer wall.
  • Large lumen.
  • Thin layers of muscle and elastic fibres.
43
Q

State the three objectives of a capillary (Wall and lumen).

A
  • Very small lumen.

- Wall made of a single layer of cells.

44
Q

Define pulse.

A

A pulse is the swelling of the arteries as your heart forces blood through them.

45
Q

What is each pulse the result of?

A

Each pulse is a result of each beat of the heart.

46
Q

Where is the radial artery located?

A

The radial artery is located on the thumb side of your wrist.

47
Q

What is blood?

A

Blod is the red liquid that circulates in the circulatory system through arteries, veins and capillaries in humans and other vertebrates.

48
Q

Why is blood red?

A

Blood is red because of Haemoglobin.

49
Q

What two things does haemoglobin carry?

A
  • Haemoglobin carries oxygen to the body tissues.

- Haemoglobin also carries carbon dioxide away from the body tissues.

50
Q

What is blood made from?

A

Blood is made from blood plasma and blood cells.

51
Q

Blood cells include three things: Name them.

A

The blood cells include:

  • Red blood cells (erythrocytes).
  • White blood cells (phagocytes and lymphocytes).
  • Tiny cell fragments called platelets.
52
Q

Describe the composition of blood.

A

Plasma = 55%
White blood cells and platelets = 4%
Red blood cells = 41%

53
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

White blood cells = Help protect the body against disease.

54
Q

What do the platelets do?

A

Platelets = Help in clotting when the skin is damaged.

55
Q

Fill in the missing answers:
As the amount of exercise ______, the pulse rate and the ______ rate also increase. More _____ and glucose must reach the muscle cells for more ________ to take place and release more energy for the muscles to _______. The blood also removes the ______ ______ produced during respiration.

A

As the amount of exercise increases, the pulse rate and the breathing rate also increase. More oxygen and glucose must reach the muscle cells for more respiration to take place and release more energy for the muscles to contract. The blood also removes the carbon dioxide produced during respiration.

56
Q

Diagrams to study:

A
  • Section through the heart Page 57.
  • The pulmonary and systemic circulations Page 59.
  • The cardiac cycle Page 61.
  • Sections through an artery, vein and capillary Page 62.
  • The composition of blood Page 63.
57
Q

Why does systemic circulation take place?

A

To provide oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the body while bringing deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

58
Q

Blood plasma is the liquid in which?

A

Blood plasma is the liquid in which carbon dioxide and nutrients dissolve.

Science 2021. (24 decks)

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