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Science 2021. > Acids, Bases and Salts. > Flashcards

Acids, Bases and Salts. Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an acid?

A

An acid is a proton donor (e.g. hydrochloric acid) substance which when dissolved in water, produces hydrogen ions (H+).

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2
Q

Name the four acid objectives.

A

Acids:

  • Have a sharp, sour taste.
  • Eat away skin and metal if they are concentrated.
  • Turn blue litmus paper red.
  • Corrosive.
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3
Q

Name 4 examples of weak acids in food.

A

Some weak acids are found in foods such as sour milk, vinegar, lemon juice, and yogurt.

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4
Q

Give two examples of strong acids.

A

Hydrochloric and sulphuric acid are strong acids.

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5
Q

What is a base and give 4 examples of bases?

A

A base is any substance that neutralizes an acid. Examples of bases are metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, and ammonia.

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6
Q

What is an alkali and give an example?

A

An alkali is a soluble base (e.g. sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide).

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7
Q

What are the five objectives of an bases?

A

Bases:

  • Have an unpleasant, bitter taste.
  • Feel soapy or slippery to the touch.
  • Turn wet red litmus paper blue.
  • Corrosive.
  • Are used as cleaning products in the home.
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8
Q

What can strong bases do and give an example of a strong base?

A

Strong bases burn the skin if carelessly handled. An example of a strong base is sodium hydroxide.

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9
Q

What is a neutral substance and give 2 examples?

A

A substance that is neither acidic nor basic (e.g. distilled water and sodium chloride or NaCl.

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10
Q

What is Sodium chloride obtained from?

A

Sodium chloride, which is obtained by neutralization of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, is a neutral salt.

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11
Q

Name the two objectives of neutral substances.

A

Neutral substances:

  • Have nither a bitter nor sour taste.
  • Have no effect on either blue or red litmus paper.
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12
Q

What are indicators and give 2 examples of an indicator?

A

Indicators are used to identify acids and bases. Litmus paper and universal indicators are examples of indicators (Litmus is obtained from lichens).

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13
Q

What is a natural indicator and give 3 examples of them?

A

Natural indicators are obtained from plant materials. Some examples are red cabbage water, beetroot, and black tea.

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14
Q

What is the pH of a weak acid and what is the color?

A

High pH of 4, 5, or 6. The color is yellow.

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15
Q

What does a weak acid do and give 5 examples of weak acids?

A

A weak acid partially ionises/ dissociates in water to produce a few H+ (hydrogen) ions.

Examples of weak acids are organic acids, vinegar, citric acid, lactic acid, and tomatoes.

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16
Q

What is the pH of a strong acid and what is the color/

A

Low pH of 0, 1, or 2. The color is red.

17
Q

What does a strong acid do and give 3 examples of strong acids?

A

A strong acid completely ionises in water to produce a lot of H+ (hydrogen) ions.

Examples of strong acids are hydrochloric acids, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid.

18
Q

What effect do neutral substances have on litmus paper?

A

Has no effect on all litmus.

19
Q

How do you form an alkaline solution and what do metal oxides and hydroxides do in water?

A

When an alkali dissolves, an alkaline solution is formed.

The oxide and hydroxide metals are alkalis and form alkaline solutions in water.

20
Q

Fill in the missing answer:
Strong acids can be ______ or _____. To dilute a strong acid always add the ____ to the _____. Whenever it is concentrated or dilute, a strong acid will read pH _ - _.

A

Strong acids can be concentrated or dilute. To dilute a strong acid always add the acid to the water. Whenever it is concentrated or dilute, a strong acid will read pH 0 - 3.

21
Q

Why should we never add the water to the acid?

A

Huge amounts of heat energy will be given off and this is dangerous.

22
Q

`How do you dilute acid (methodically).

A

To dilute an acid, pour water into an empty container and then add a small amount of acid.

23
Q

What is neutralization and what does it produce?

A

When acids and bases react together a chemical reaction called neutralization occurs. All neutralization reactions produce a salt and water.

24
Q

What is a salt?

A

A salt is a compound that is formed when an acid reacts with a base.

25
Q

What does sodium bicarbonate produce during neutralization?

A

Sodium bicarbonate produces carbon dioxide, salt, and water.

26
Q

Define effervescence.

A

Effervescence is the release or production of gas bubbles during a chemical reaction.

27
Q

What accompanies effervescence?

A

The release of the gas is accompanied by a hissing sound.

28
Q

Fill in the missing answers:

Both ________ and _______ fizz. The gas produced is _______ _______.

A

Both carbonates and bicarbonates fizz. The gas produced is carbon dioxide.

29
Q

How is hydrochloric acid in the stomach neutralized?

A

Hydrochloric acid from the stomach is neutralized by bile from the gull bladder in the small intestine.

30
Q

What is indigestion caused by?

A

Indigestion is caused by too much hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

31
Q

What can get rid of excess hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

A

You can get rid of the excess acid by using antacid tablets or milk of magnesia - both alkaline.

32
Q

Plants grow well in neutral soils. In agriculture how do they neutralize acidic soils?

A

In agriculture, acid soils are neutralized by bases such as lime and quicklime.

33
Q

Name 3 insects that produce acidic sting and 1 with an alkaline sting. And how can the pain be eased?

A

Bee, ant, and beetle sting are acidic, but wasp stings are alkaline.
The pain and irritation they cause can be eased by neutralization.

34
Q

How can you neutralize a wasp sting?

A

Soak a small bit of cotton wool in vinegar and place it on the wasp sting, applying a small amount of pressure.
The acidity of the vinegar helps neutralize the wasp sting.

35
Q

Not all bases form colorless salt solutions. Name one the produces colored?

A

Copper forms colored salt solutions.

36
Q

Different acids form different salts when reacted with bases. Name 3 examples.

A
  • Hydrochloric acid forms chlorides.
  • Sulfuric acid forms sulfates.
  • Nitric acid forms nitrates.

Science 2021. (24 decks)

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