Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science 2021. > Photosynthesis. > Flashcards

Photosynthesis. Flashcards

1
Q

What is nutrition?

A

Nutrition is the science that interprets substances in food in relation to the maintenance, growth, reproduction, health, and disease of an organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

There are two types of living organisms. Name them.

A

(Human) Animals and Plants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do plants have to do to have food and what does this make them?

A

Plants have to make food in the place where they are growing (photosynthesis) and because of this plants are autotrophs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do animals have to do to have food and what does this make them?

A

Animals cannot make their own food, they obtain food by eating other organisms and this makes animals heterotrophs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define heterotrophic nutrition.

A

Heterotrophic nutrition is where an organism feeds on organic molecules produced by other organisms such as plants and animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe photosynthesis.

A 
Photosynthesis is the process whereby plants use light energy to make their own food, glucose, from carbon dioxide and water (H2O). 
Oxygen gas (O2) is produced as waste gas.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If you break up photosynthesis into 2 words, what are those words?

A

Photo means ‘light’ and synthesis means ‘to make’.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What two things do animals depend on plants for?

A

Animals depend on plants for food and oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do plants do with glucose?

A

Glucose and Starch are both carbohydrates.

  • The plants make glucose which is soluble and can be lost or carried away as sucrose to new points of growth.
  • The glucose can be changed to starch which is insoluble (for storage).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where can the converted glucose/ starch be stored?

A

The starch can be stored in roots, stems or leaves to be used later as a source of energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

Chlorophyll is a green pigment that converts light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the word equation for photosythesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water —-sunlight/chlorophyll—-> glucose + oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the factors that affect photosynthesis?

A
  • Chlorophyll.
  • Sunlight.
  • Carbon Dioxide.
  • Water.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the control (plant experiment)?

A

For an experiment have another plant or leaf to use as a comparison - we call this plant the control to the experiment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Can you investigate multiple or single factors during an experiment? Explain your answer.

A

Only investigate one factor at a time. If more than one factor was changed, the experiment would not prove which change gave the result.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the Vascular Bundle (xylem + phloem)?

A

Xylem vessels transport water and minerals to photosynthesizing cells.
Phloem vessels transport manufactured food from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the palisade cells?

A

Carry out most of the photosynthesis, as they contain many chloroplasts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the functions of the spongy cells?

A

Loosely packed to create air spaces for gaseous exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
Also, carry out photosynthesis as they have chloroplasts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the guard cells?

A

Can change shape to close and open the stoma, to let in carbon dioxide and let out oxygen.
(They contain fewer chloroplasts than spongy and palisade cells).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Not all plants are green; some plants have yellow, red, or purple leaves, and so on.
Do these plants photosynthesize and explain your answer.

A

They photosynthesize with the help of other pigments, called accessory pigments.
These have different colors, but can still absorb light energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The process of photosynthesis occurs in two stages: Name and describe them.

A

Light reactions: occur during the time of the day when there is light.

Dark reactions: occur during the whole 24-hour day, whether there is daylight or darkness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is produced during light reactions and where do they occur?

A

During light reactions, energy carriers are produced, as well as oxygen as a waste gas.

Light reactions occur in the internal membranes (thylakoids) of the chloroplasts.

23
Q

What do the energy carriers do in dark reactions and where do dark reactions occur?

A

During dark reactions, the energy carriers produced in the light reactions are used to produce glucose (a sugar).

Dark reactions occur in the fluid (stroma) of the chloroplasts.

24
Q

What is an energy converter?

A

An energy converter is a machine which is able to convert one form of energy into another.

25
Q

Fill in the missing answers:
Glucose is a ____ sugar, so we call it a ____________. Glucose molecules can be joined together _______ into long ____, such as in starch, which is a ____________.

A

Glucose is a single sugar, so we call it a monosaccharide. Glucose molecules can be joined together chemically into long chains, such as in starch, which is a polysaccharide.

26
Q

Name 5 plant functions.

A
  • Source of food and medicine.
  • Animals use plants as a habitat.
  • Supply oxygen.
  • Clean the atmosphere.
  • Plants are fossil fuels.
27
Q

Describe how plants clean the atmosphere.

A

Plants use carbon dioxide during the process of photosynthesis, so they reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

28
Q

Describe gaseous exchange in plants?

A

Gas exchange is the process whereby water vapor and oxygen leave and carbon dioxide enters plant leaves.

29
Q

What are the 7 apparatus to show that green leaves contain starch experiment?

A
  • Green leaf.
  • Alcohol.
  • Water.
  • Iodine solution.
  • Beaker.
  • Test tube.
  • White Tile.
30
Q

What are the 4 steps to show that green leaves contain starch experiment?

A
  • Boil the leaf in the beaker of water for 30 seconds to stop any reactions.
  • Extinguish the flame as alcohol is highly flammable and boil the leaf in the test tube of alcohol using a hot water bath.
  • Remove the leaf from the alcohol return it to the hot water to rinse and soften.
  • Remove the leaf from the water and flatten it on a white tile and cover the leaf in iodine solution.
31
Q

What is the result of to show that green leaves contain starch experiment?

A

The iodine solution turns from orange to blue-black if starch is present.

32
Q

What are the 2 apparatus to prove that chlorophyll is necessary for starch production?

A

A variegated leaf.

Materials for the starch experiment.

33
Q

What are the 3 steps to prove that chlorophyll is necessary for starch production experiment?

A
  • Place leaf in the dark for 24 hours to destarch it.
  • Place the same leaf in the sunlight for 7 hours.
  • Test the variegated leaf for starch.
34
Q

What was the result to prove that chlorophyll is necessary for starch production experiment?

A

The green part of the variegated leaf turned blue-black when tested for starch and the white part of the variegated leaf did not react to the iodine solution.

35
Q

What was the conclusion to prove that chlorophyll is necessary for starch production experiment?

A
  • Chlorophyll is necessary for starch production.
36
Q

What are the 3 materials to prove that sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis experiment?

A
  • Green plant.
  • Tinfoil.
  • Materials for the starch test.
37
Q

What are the 5 steps to prove that sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis experiment?

A
  • Place green leaf in the dark for 24 hours.
  • Cut out tinfoil and paperclip to the leaf.
    (The part that is in the sunlight is the control and the part in the tinfoil is the experiment).
  • Leave the leaf in the sun for a few hours.
  • Remove tinfoil.
  • Test for starch.
38
Q

What is the result to prove that sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis experiment?

A

When tested for starch, the tinfoil part remained orange and the other part turned blue-black.

39
Q

What are the 5 materials to prove that green plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis?

A
  • 2 green potted plants.
  • Plastic bag.
  • Elastic band.
  • Soda lime.
  • Materials for starch test.
40
Q

What are the 4 steps to prove that green plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis?

A
  • Place plants in the dark for 24 hours to destarch them.
  • A small container of soda-lime next to the stem of one of the plants.
  • Place a plastic bag over both plants and secure the plastic bag.
  • After a few hours test them both for starch.
41
Q

What is the result to prove that green plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis?

A

The experiment plant (soda lime) stayed orange and the control plant turned blue-black.

42
Q

What was the conclusion to prove that green plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis?

A

The plant with no carbon dioxide could not do photosynthesis. Green plants need carbon dioxide.

43
Q

What are the 5 materials to prove that green plants produce oxygen during photosynthesis?

A
  • Aquatic plant.
  • Beaker.
  • Test tube.
  • Stikistuff.
  • Funnel.
44
Q

What are the 3 steps to prove that green plants produce oxygen during photosynthesis?

A
  • The experiment was left under a bright light for as long as possible.
  • The test tube was carefully removed and covered with a thumb.
  • A glowing splint was placed in the test tube to check for oxygen.
45
Q

What was the result to prove that green plants produce oxygen during photosynthesis?

A

A gas was collected at the top of the test tube. When a glowing splint was placed in the gas, it relit.

46
Q

What was the conclusion to prove that green plants produce oxygen during photosynthesis?

A

The gas in the test tube was oxygen. This experiment showed that green plants make oxygen during photosynthesis.

47
Q

What is plant respiration?

A

During the night a plant uses some of the starch it had made during the day. This process is called respiration.
Respiration takes place during the day and the night.

48
Q

Why are leaves thin?

A

Leaves are thin for easy diffusion of gases (CO2 going in and O2 going out).

49
Q

What does the cuticle of the leaf do?

A

Prevents water loss by evaporation.

50
Q

Why is the upper epidermis transparent?

A

The upper epidermis is transparent to let light pass through.

51
Q

What do the palisade mesophyll cells have many of and why?

A

The palisade mesophyll cells have numerous chloroplasts for light absorption.

52
Q

What does the spongy mesophyll have?

A

The spongy mesophyll has airspaces for easy diffusion of gases.

53
Q

What do the stomata do and where are they?

A

The stomata on the underside of the leaf let gases in and out of the leaf.

54
Q

Diagrams to Study.

A
  • Cross-section of a leaf (page 12).
  • The requirements of photosynthesis (page 12).
  • Palisade cell.
  • Act 1 - 5 Experiment digrams.

Science 2021. (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions