Matter.

Question 1

What is a solution?

Answer 1

A solution is a mixture of a solvent and a solute
(solute + solvent → solution).
(salt + water → salt solution).

Question 2

What is concentration?

Answer 2

Concentration is the amount of solute dissolved in a specified volume of soultion.

Question 3

How can the concentration of a colored solution be determined?

Answer 3

The concentration of a colored solution can be determined by observing its color intensity.

Question 4

What is the equation for solution concentration?

Answer 4

Solution concentration = amount of solute /amount of solvent.

Question 5

Name one way in which all solutions are similar?

Answer 5

All solutions are see-through because the solute is dissolved. If it is not see-through, it is not a solution.

Question 6

When we use our sense of sight to gauge the color intensity, what is called?

Answer 6

When we use our sense of sight to gauge the color intensity, it is called qualitative analysis because we do not assign a number to the color intensity,

Question 7

What is the name of the machine that can measure the color intensity?

Answer 7

A machine called a colorimeter can measure the color intensity to give a qualitative analysis.

Question 8

Fill in the missing answers:

The darker the solution the more ________ is it. The _____ the solution, the more dilute it is.

Answer 8

The darker the solution the more concentrated is it. The paler the solution, the more dilute it is.

Question 9

How is the concentration of a sugar solution measured?

Answer 9

The concentration of a sugar solution can be determined by its sweetness.

Question 10

Define molarity.

Answer 10

Molarity is used to describe the concentration given in moles per liter.

Question 11

Molarity is equal to the moles of a solute divided by the total volume of the solution in liters. This can be shown with the following formula:

Answer 11

Molarity = moles of solute/liters of solution.

Question 12

What is the mole?

Answer 12

The mole is an amount of a substance that contains Avogadro’s number of particles.

Question 13

What is Avogadro’s number?

Answer 13

6.02 x 10²³.

Question 14

There are four important assumptions about matter that help scientists explain many things that you see around you: Name them.

Answer 14

• All matter is made up of particles.
• Ther are forces of attraction between the particles.
• The particles are in constant motion.
• There are spaces between the particles.

Question 15

What are the differences between the states of matter?

Answer 15

The difference between those states is the energy and arrangement of the particles.

Question 16

What are the three states of matter?

Answer 16

Matter exists in three different states: solid, liquid, and gas.

Question 17

What are the three objectives of particles in a solid-state?

Answer 17

• Particles in a solid-state have the least amount of kinetic energy.
• They vibrate in a fixed position.
• They are closely packed together.

Question 18

What are the three objectives of particles in a liquid state?

Answer 18

• Particles in a liquid state have medium amounts of kinetic energy.
• They move slowly.
• Have small spaces between them.

Question 19

What are the three objectives of particles in a gas state?

Answer 19

• Particles in a gaseous state have the greatest amount of kinetic energy.
• They move rapidly.
• They have large spaces between them.

Question 20

What does The Kinetic Theory state?

Answer 20

The Kinetic Theory states that all particles in a substance move and have energy.

Question 21

Define sublimation.

Answer 21

Sublimation = A process that causes a solid to change to a gas when it is heated.

Question 22

Define melting.

Answer 22

Melting = A change from solid to a liquid by gaining heat.

Question 23

Define evaporation.

Answer 23

Evaporation = When a liquid boils, particles are able to escape from the surface of the liquid to form a gas.

Question 24

Define deposition.

Answer 24

Deposition = When a gas is cooled, the gas changes directly to a solid.

Question 25

The rate of dissolving is affected by three things: Name them.

Answer 25

The rate of dissolving is affected by particle size, temperature, and stirring.

Question 26

Define solubility.

Answer 26

Solubility refers to a property of a substance that allows it to dissolve in a solvent.

Question 27

Diagrams to study:

Answer 27

• Solute molecule page 104.