Transport Processes (Lecture 5) Flashcards
The property that allows the Plasma Membrane to regulate what comes in and out of the cell
Selective Permeability
Composition of a Plasma Membrane
Phospholipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Cholesterol
Lipid molecules with a carbohydrate molecule attached that serve as markers for cell recognition
Glycolipids
Protein molecules with a carbohydrate molecule attached that play a role in cell-to-cell interaction
Glycoproteins
This stabilizes the plasma membrane and maintains fluidity within it
Cholesterol
The dissolving agent in a solution
Solvent
The substance that is dissolved in a solution
Solute
The passive process in which movement of solute particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Simple Diffusion
Factors that affect the rate of diffusion
Solute particle size
Temperature
Viscosity of the solvent
Difference in the concentration gradient
The comparison of solute concentrations
Tonicity
Describes a solution that has a higher solute concentration
Hypertonic
Describes a solution that has a lower solute concentration
Hypotonic
Describes a solution that has an equal solute concentration
Isotonic
The passive process by which water molecules move across a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
Does Osmosis move along or against the solute concentration gradient?
Against
The effect of osmosis on an animal cell when placed in a Hypotonic Solution
Lysis
The state a plant cell enters when placed in an isotonic solution
Flaccidity
The effect of Osmosis on a cell when it is placed into a Hypertonic Solution
Crenation (Plasmolysis)
What is the preferred solution for an animal cell?
Isotonic
What is the preferred environment for a plant cell? What happens to it?
Hypotonic Solution
It becomes Turgid
The passive process by which large solute particles from an area of high concentration move to an area of low concentration through an integral protein
Facilitated Diffusion
The movement of solute particles from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high concentration through integral proteins
Active Transport
The movement of solutes into a cell through the formation of vesicles
Endocytosis
The engulfment of large substances into a cell through vesicle formation. Sometimes referred to as “Cellular Eating”
Phagocytosis
The intake of small solutes and water through the formation of vesicles from invaginations that form along the cell membrane. Sometimes referred to as “Cellular drinking”
Pinocytosis
The intake of specific solutes into the cell through vesicle formation
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
The movement of solutes out of the cell through the formation of vesicles
Exocytosis
Prokaryotic cell division
Binary Fission
The period of cell growth during the interphase of Eukaryotic cell division
G1 Period
Period of DNA synthesis during the Interphase of Eukaryotic cell division
S Period
Period of mass cell structure production during the Interphase of Eukaryotic cell division
G2 Period
The four phases of the Miotic Phase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
The splitting of a parent cell into two daughter cells by separation of cytoplasm
Cytokinesis
Miotic phase in which the Nucleolus disappears, mitotic spindles form, and chromosomes becomes thick and visible
Prophase
The Miotic phase in which duplicated chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell
Metaphase
The Miotic phase in which sister chromatids separate and pull apart
Anaphase
The Miotic phase in which two new nuclei form, and the nucleoli appear
Telophase
What are the two methods of Cytokinesis between plant and animal cells?
Animal - Cleavage furrowing
Plant - Cell Plate Formation
The division of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells
Cytokinesis
Contracting ring of microfilaments that pulls inwardly on the cell membrane
Cleavage Furrowing
When the golgi vesicles of cellulose line up along the middle of a plant cell and fuse to form new cell walls
Cell Plate Formation
