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Biology > Transport Processes (Lecture 5) > Flashcards

Transport Processes (Lecture 5) Flashcards

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1
Q

The property that allows the Plasma Membrane to regulate what comes in and out of the cell

A

Selective Permeability

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2
Q

Composition of a Plasma Membrane

A

Phospholipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Cholesterol

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3
Q

Lipid molecules with a carbohydrate molecule attached that serve as markers for cell recognition

A

Glycolipids

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4
Q

Protein molecules with a carbohydrate molecule attached that play a role in cell-to-cell interaction

A

Glycoproteins

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5
Q

This stabilizes the plasma membrane and maintains fluidity within it

A

Cholesterol

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6
Q

The dissolving agent in a solution

A

Solvent

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7
Q

The substance that is dissolved in a solution

A

Solute

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8
Q

The passive process in which movement of solute particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

A

Simple Diffusion

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9
Q

Factors that affect the rate of diffusion

A

Solute particle size
Temperature
Viscosity of the solvent
Difference in the concentration gradient

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10
Q

The comparison of solute concentrations

A

Tonicity

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11
Q

Describes a solution that has a higher solute concentration

A

Hypertonic

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12
Q

Describes a solution that has a lower solute concentration

A

Hypotonic

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13
Q

Describes a solution that has an equal solute concentration

A

Isotonic

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14
Q

The passive process by which water molecules move across a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

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15
Q

Does Osmosis move along or against the solute concentration gradient?

A

Against

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16
Q

The effect of osmosis on an animal cell when placed in a Hypotonic Solution

A

Lysis

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17
Q

The state a plant cell enters when placed in an isotonic solution

A

Flaccidity

18
Q

The effect of Osmosis on a cell when it is placed into a Hypertonic Solution

A

Crenation (Plasmolysis)

19
Q

What is the preferred solution for an animal cell?

A

Isotonic

20
Q

What is the preferred environment for a plant cell? What happens to it?

A

Hypotonic Solution
It becomes Turgid

21
Q

The passive process by which large solute particles from an area of high concentration move to an area of low concentration through an integral protein

A

Facilitated Diffusion

22
Q

The movement of solute particles from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high concentration through integral proteins

A

Active Transport

23
Q

The movement of solutes into a cell through the formation of vesicles

A

Endocytosis

24
Q

The engulfment of large substances into a cell through vesicle formation. Sometimes referred to as “Cellular Eating”

A

Phagocytosis

25
Q

The intake of small solutes and water through the formation of vesicles from invaginations that form along the cell membrane. Sometimes referred to as “Cellular drinking”

A

Pinocytosis

26
Q

The intake of specific solutes into the cell through vesicle formation

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

27
Q

The movement of solutes out of the cell through the formation of vesicles

A

Exocytosis

28
Q

Prokaryotic cell division

A

Binary Fission

29
Q

The period of cell growth during the interphase of Eukaryotic cell division

A

G1 Period

30
Q

Period of DNA synthesis during the Interphase of Eukaryotic cell division

A

S Period

31
Q

Period of mass cell structure production during the Interphase of Eukaryotic cell division

A

G2 Period

32
Q

The four phases of the Miotic Phase

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

33
Q

The splitting of a parent cell into two daughter cells by separation of cytoplasm

A

Cytokinesis

34
Q

Miotic phase in which the Nucleolus disappears, mitotic spindles form, and chromosomes becomes thick and visible

A

Prophase

35
Q

The Miotic phase in which duplicated chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell

A

Metaphase

36
Q

The Miotic phase in which sister chromatids separate and pull apart

A

Anaphase

37
Q

The Miotic phase in which two new nuclei form, and the nucleoli appear

A

Telophase

38
Q

What are the two methods of Cytokinesis between plant and animal cells?

A

Animal - Cleavage furrowing
Plant - Cell Plate Formation

39
Q

The division of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

40
Q

Contracting ring of microfilaments that pulls inwardly on the cell membrane

A

Cleavage Furrowing

41
Q

When the golgi vesicles of cellulose line up along the middle of a plant cell and fuse to form new cell walls

A

Cell Plate Formation

Biology (25 decks)

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