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Biology > Enzymes / Cellular Respiration (Lecture 6) > Flashcards

Enzymes / Cellular Respiration (Lecture 6) Flashcards

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1
Q

The sum of all chemical reactions occurring within a cell or organism

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

reactions that involve the breaking down of molecules

A

Catabolism (Catabolic reactions)

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3
Q

Reactions that involve the building of molecules

A

Anabolism (Anabolic Reactions)

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4
Q

Reactions that yield more energy than what is required

A

Exergonic Reactions

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5
Q

Reactions that require more energy than what is yielded

A

Endergonic Reactions

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6
Q

Regulatory proteins that regulate all metabolic reactions

A

Enzymes

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7
Q

A substance that speeds up reactions

A

Catalyst

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8
Q

The amount of energy necessary to start a reactions

A

Activation Energy

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9
Q

Reactants that are acted upon by an enzyme

A

Substrates

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10
Q

Where do Substrates bind to on an Enzyme?

A

The Active Site

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11
Q

An INORGANIC mineral or metal that attaches to an enzyme and allows it to accept a substrate

A

Cofactor

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12
Q

ORGANIC vitamins that attach to an enzyme and allow it to accept substrate

A

Coenzymes

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13
Q

The process that stops an enzyme from working temporarily

A

Enzyme Inhibition

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14
Q

A molecule that binds to THE ACTIVE SITE of an enzyme and prevents the normal substrate from binding

A

Competitive inhibition

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15
Q

A molecule that binds to an enzyme at a spot OTHER THAN the active site and indirectly prevents the normal substrate from binding

A

Noncompetitive inhibition

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16
Q

Factors affecting enzyme activity (Hint: T-S-E-S-T-P)

A

Time
Substrate Specificity
Enzyme Concentration
Substrate Concentration
Temperature
pH

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17
Q

Which Law of Thermodynamics is as follows?

Law of Energy conservation
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed
Energy can be transferred or transformed

A

The First Law of Thermodynamics

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18
Q

Which Law of Thermodynamics is as follows?

Energy Transformation increases universal entropy
Sunlight is the ultimate source of energy in the universe

A

Second Law of Thermodynamics

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19
Q

The energy of motion. Energy, including light and heat, that is released when work is being performed.

A

Kinetic Energy

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20
Q

Stored energy. Energy, including glucose and ATP, possessed by an object at rest.

A

Potential Energy

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21
Q

Abbreviation for Adenosine Triphosphate

A

ATP

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22
Q

The breaking down of ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate, which yields free energy

A

Hydrolysis of ATP

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23
Q

The addition of the phosphate group to a molecule after its removal from another

A

Phosphorylation

24
Q

This type of Cellular Respiration utilizes Oxygen

A

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

25
Q

This type of Cellular Respiration DOES NOT utilize Oxygen

A

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

26
Q

How many NET ATP molecules does Aerobic Cellular Respiration produce?

A

36 Net ATP molecules

27
Q

How many NET ATP molecules does Anaerobic Cellular Respiration produce?

A

2 Net ATP Molecules

28
Q

What is Redox Reactions short for?

A

Reduction-Oxidation reactions

29
Q

Reactions in which electrons are moved from one molecule to another

A

Redox Reactions

30
Q

The act of a molecule gaining electrons during a reaction

A

Reduction

31
Q

The act of a molecule losing electrons during a reaction

A

Oxidation

32
Q

The splitting of a glucose molecule into 2 pyruvates

A

Glycolysis

33
Q

Where does Glycolysis occur?

A

In the Cytoplasm

34
Q

How much ATP does Glycolysis utilize?

A

2 ATP

35
Q

How many ATP does Glycolysis produce? What is the net gain?

A

Gross ATP: 4
Net ATP: 2

36
Q

A temporary electron carrier

A

NADH

37
Q

What does NADH exist as before receiving electrons?

A

NAD+

38
Q

Conversion of 2 Pyruvates into 2 Acetyl CoA Molecules

A

Bridge Reaction

39
Q

Where does the Bridge Reaction occur?

A

Across the Mitochondrial Envelope into the Matrix

40
Q

What does the Bridge Reaction utilize?

A

2 Pyruvates and 2 Acetyl CoA

41
Q

What does the Bridge Reaction Produce?

A

2 Co2 and 2 NADH

42
Q

How much ATP does the Bridge Reaction produce?

A

None. It is the only in Cellular Respiration step that does not produce ATP.

43
Q

How much Acetyl CoA is required to start Kreb’s Cycle a single time?

A

One Acetyl CoA

44
Q

Where does Kreb’s Cycle occur?

A

In the Mitochondrial Matrix

45
Q

What products does a single Kreb’s Cycle Produce?

A

3 NADH
2 CO2
1 ATP
1 FADH2

46
Q

Electron Carriers arriving in the Cristae and releasing their electrons

A

Electron Transport Chain

47
Q

Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur?

A

Along the Cristae

48
Q

What do NADH and FADH2 release during the Electron Transport Chain?

A

Their Electrons

49
Q

A series of integral proteins in the inner membrane associated with the release of electrons during the Electron Transport Chain

A

Cytochrome Complex

50
Q

What accepts the electrons during the Electron Transport Chain?

A

Oxygen

51
Q

Where does Anaerobic Cellular Respiration occur?

A

In the Cytoplasm, exclusively

52
Q

What are the two steps of Anaerobic Cellular Respiration?

A

Glycolysis and Fermentation

53
Q

The process of splitting one Glucose into 2 Pyruvates

A

Glycolysis

54
Q

The process of converting 2 Pyruvates into 2 Ethanol Molecules

A

Alcohol Fermentation

55
Q

How much CO2 does Alcohol Fermentation produce?

A

2 CO2 Molecules

56
Q

The process by which 2 Pyruvates are converted to 2 Lactate molecules

A

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Biology (17 decks)

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