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Biology > Patterns Of Inheritance I (Lecture 9) > Flashcards

Patterns Of Inheritance I (Lecture 9) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The father of Genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

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2
Q

A unit of genetic information

A

Gene

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3
Q

How many genes for each trait does a typical individual have?

A

Two, one from each parent

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4
Q

What does each piece of DNA code for?

A

A specific trait

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5
Q

The exact position a gene is found on a chromosome

A

Locus

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6
Q

Different forms of the same gene

A

Alleles

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7
Q

Two Identical alleles in a given gene pair

A

Homozygous

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8
Q

Two different alleles in a given gene pair

A

Heterozygous

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9
Q

The allele that is expressed in a heterozygous individual

A

Dominant Allele

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10
Q

The allele that is not expressed or is masked in a heterozygous individual

A

Recessive allele

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11
Q

The actual genetic makeup of an individual

A

Genotype

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12
Q

Two dominant alleles in a given gene pair

A

Homozygous dominant

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13
Q

Two recessive alleles in a given gene pair

A

Homozygous Recessive

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14
Q

Two different alleles, one dominant and one recessive, in a gene pair

A

Heterozygous

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15
Q

The actual physical or physiological expression of a gene pair

A

Phenotype

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16
Q

A cross (mating) between two parents resulting in offspring

A

Genetic Cross

17
Q

A genetic cross involving the inheritance of one trait

A

Monohybrid cross

18
Q

A genetic cross involving the inheritance of two traits simultaneously

A

Dihybrid cross

19
Q

A diagramming method used to study the inheritance of a trait by offspring from two known parents

A

Punnett Square

20
Q

Traits carried on autosomes

A

Autosomal inheritance

21
Q

Traits on sex chromosomes

A

Sex-linked inheritance

22
Q

List examples of Autosomal recessive disorders

A

Albinism
Cystic Fibrosis
Galactosemia
Phenylketonuria
Sickle Cell Disease
Tay Sach’s Disease

23
Q

List examples of Autosomal Dominant disorders

A

Achondroplasia
Huntington’s Disease
Polydactyly

24
Q

Traits carried on sex chromosomes

A

Sex-linked Inheritance

25
Q

Why do males have a greater frequency of expressing sex-linked recessive disorders?

A

Due to only having on X and one Y chromosome, therefore only 1 gene for the trait

26
Q

List examples of Sex-Linked recessive disorders

A

Colorblindness
Male Pattern Baldness
Hemophilia
Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy

Biology (25 decks)

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