Patterns Of Inheritance I (Lecture 9) Flashcards
The father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel
A unit of genetic information
Gene
How many genes for each trait does a typical individual have?
Two, one from each parent
What does each piece of DNA code for?
A specific trait
The exact position a gene is found on a chromosome
Locus
Different forms of the same gene
Alleles
Two Identical alleles in a given gene pair
Homozygous
Two different alleles in a given gene pair
Heterozygous
The allele that is expressed in a heterozygous individual
Dominant Allele
The allele that is not expressed or is masked in a heterozygous individual
Recessive allele
The actual genetic makeup of an individual
Genotype
Two dominant alleles in a given gene pair
Homozygous dominant
Two recessive alleles in a given gene pair
Homozygous Recessive
Two different alleles, one dominant and one recessive, in a gene pair
Heterozygous
The actual physical or physiological expression of a gene pair
Phenotype
A cross (mating) between two parents resulting in offspring
Genetic Cross
A genetic cross involving the inheritance of one trait
Monohybrid cross
A genetic cross involving the inheritance of two traits simultaneously
Dihybrid cross
A diagramming method used to study the inheritance of a trait by offspring from two known parents
Punnett Square
Traits carried on autosomes
Autosomal inheritance
Traits on sex chromosomes
Sex-linked inheritance
List examples of Autosomal recessive disorders
Albinism
Cystic Fibrosis
Galactosemia
Phenylketonuria
Sickle Cell Disease
Tay Sach’s Disease
List examples of Autosomal Dominant disorders
Achondroplasia
Huntington’s Disease
Polydactyly
Traits carried on sex chromosomes
Sex-linked Inheritance
Why do males have a greater frequency of expressing sex-linked recessive disorders?
Due to only having on X and one Y chromosome, therefore only 1 gene for the trait
List examples of Sex-Linked recessive disorders
Colorblindness
Male Pattern Baldness
Hemophilia
Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy
