The Chemicals of Life (Lecture 2)

Question 1

Any substance that possesses weight and takes up space

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

3 obvious dimensions
Definite shape and volume
Most compact state

Answer 2

Solids

Question 3

Matter that flows freely
Less compact than solids
Fills containers - No definite shape, but a definite volume

Answer 3

Liquids

Question 4

Least compact state
No definite shape or volume
Expands indefinitely

Answer 4

Gasses

Question 5

What are all known elements gathered and displayed on

Answer 5

The Periodic Table of Elements

Question 6

Amount of naturally occurring elements

Answer 6

92

Question 7

Elements that make up 96% of a human’s body composition

Answer 7

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

Question 8

The structural unit of an element

Answer 8

Atom

Question 9

Proton’s Charge

Answer 9

Positive

Question 10

Neutron’s Charge

Answer 10

No Charge

Question 11

Electron’s Charge

Answer 11

Negative

Question 12

Equal to the number of protons for an atom of that element

Answer 12

Atomic Number

Question 13

Equal to the sum of Protons PLUS Neutrons

Answer 13

Atomic Mass

Question 14

How many electrons does the 1st Atomic Orbital Shell hold

Answer 14

2 Electrons

Question 15

How many electrons does each Atomic Orbital Shell beyond the 1st hold?

Answer 15

8 Electrons

Question 16

The outermost shell in an electron configuration

Answer 16

Valence Shell

Question 17

Atoms of the same element with a differing number of neutrons

Answer 17

Isotopes

Question 18

An atom with a charge

Answer 18

Ion

Question 19

A positively charged atom

Answer 19

Cation

Question 20

A negatively charged atom

Answer 20

Anion

Question 21

Groups of atoms bonded together

Answer 21

Molecules

Question 22

Groups of different atoms bonded together

Answer 22

Compounds

Question 23

Compounds containing Carbon, Oxygen, and Hydrogen

Answer 23

Organic Compounds

Question 24

Compounds lacking carbon, or possessing carbon without hydrogen or oxygen

Answer 24

Inorganic compounds

Question 25

Molecules with the same chemical formula, but with different structural formulas

Answer 25

Isomers

Question 26

A weak bond involving the TRANSFER of electrons between atoms

Answer 26

Ionic Bonds

Question 27

A strong bond between atoms that involved SHARING of electrons, can be either Single, Double, or Triple

Answer 27

Covalent Bond

Question 28

A type of Covalent Bond where atoms unequally share electrons

Answer 28

Polar Covalent Bonds

Question 29

A specific Polar Covalent bond involving Hydrogen

Answer 29

Hydrogen Bond

Question 30

The property of water that provides a stable environment for organisms living in it

Answer 30

Temperature Stability

Question 31

Positive charge of water due to Polar Covalent Bonds

Answer 31

Polarity

Question 32

Water’s ability to be attracted to other water molecules

Answer 32

Cohesion

Question 33

Water’s ability to be attracted to molecules OTHER than water

Answer 33

Adhesion

Question 34

A fluid or gas in which particles are dissolved within

Answer 34

Solvent

Question 35

Particles dissolved within a solvent

Answer 35

Solute

Question 36

Density of water

Answer 36

1g / mL

Question 37

The measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a substance or solution

Answer 37

pH

Question 38

Special molecules that prevent extensive changes in pH

Answer 38

Buffers