The Chemicals of Life (Lecture 2) Flashcards
Any substance that possesses weight and takes up space
Matter
3 obvious dimensions
Definite shape and volume
Most compact state
Solids
Matter that flows freely
Less compact than solids
Fills containers - No definite shape, but a definite volume
Liquids
Least compact state
No definite shape or volume
Expands indefinitely
Gasses
What are all known elements gathered and displayed on
The Periodic Table of Elements
Amount of naturally occurring elements
92
Elements that make up 96% of a human’s body composition
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
The structural unit of an element
Atom
Proton’s Charge
Positive
Neutron’s Charge
No Charge
Electron’s Charge
Negative
Equal to the number of protons for an atom of that element
Atomic Number
Equal to the sum of Protons PLUS Neutrons
Atomic Mass
How many electrons does the 1st Atomic Orbital Shell hold
2 Electrons
How many electrons does each Atomic Orbital Shell beyond the 1st hold?
8 Electrons
The outermost shell in an electron configuration
Valence Shell
Atoms of the same element with a differing number of neutrons
Isotopes
An atom with a charge
Ion
A positively charged atom
Cation
A negatively charged atom
Anion
Groups of atoms bonded together
Molecules
Groups of different atoms bonded together
Compounds
Compounds containing Carbon, Oxygen, and Hydrogen
Organic Compounds
Compounds lacking carbon, or possessing carbon without hydrogen or oxygen
Inorganic compounds
Molecules with the same chemical formula, but with different structural formulas
Isomers
A weak bond involving the TRANSFER of electrons between atoms
Ionic Bonds
A strong bond between atoms that involved SHARING of electrons, can be either Single, Double, or Triple
Covalent Bond
A type of Covalent Bond where atoms unequally share electrons
Polar Covalent Bonds
A specific Polar Covalent bond involving Hydrogen
Hydrogen Bond
The property of water that provides a stable environment for organisms living in it
Temperature Stability
Positive charge of water due to Polar Covalent Bonds
Polarity
Water’s ability to be attracted to other water molecules
Cohesion
Water’s ability to be attracted to molecules OTHER than water
Adhesion
A fluid or gas in which particles are dissolved within
Solvent
Particles dissolved within a solvent
Solute
Density of water
1g / mL
The measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a substance or solution
pH
Special molecules that prevent extensive changes in pH
Buffers
