Cell Structure and Function (Lecture 4) Flashcards
Who first coined the term “Cell” by looking at sections of cork tissue under a magnifying glass?
Robert Hook
Who invented the first microscope and viewed pond water under it, calling the creatures he saw in it “animalcules”?
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
What are all organisms comprised of?
Cells
Where do all cells arise from?
Pre-existing Cells
How large are Prokaryotic Cells?
1-10 Micrometers
How large are Eukaryotic Cells?
10-100 Micrometers
What is the region of the Cytoplasm that unbound DNA is located in in Prokaryotic Cells?
The Nucleoid Region of the Cytoplasm
The phospholipid bilayer that regulates what moves in and out of a cell
Cell Membrane
What is the cell wall made out of in Prokaryotic Cells?
Peptidoglycan
This is the jelly like coating with attached pili (fimbriae) which are hair-like extensions for attachment
Capsule
Tiny structures for protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Container holding DNA within the cytoplasm in Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleus
Cell structures covered by a double membrane covering
Envelope
What is the cell wall made up of in algae and plants?
Cellulose
What protects plant cells and provides shape and structural support?
The Cell Wall
What is the cell wall made up of in Slime Molds and Fungi?
Chitin
What cells is the Cell Membrane present in?
All Cells
What is selective permeablility?
The ability to regulate what comes in and out of the cell via the Cell Membrane
What is the Cell Membrane generally described as?
A phospholipid bilayer
This component of the Cell Membrane serves as a general barrier for the cell
Phospholipids
Which part of the plasma membrane are used specifically for transport?
Integral Proteins
What part of the Cell Membrane is used specifically for receiving chemical signals?
Peripheral proteins
The extensions from the phospholipid bilayer of a cell that is used for attachment to other cells or to surfaces is made out of what polymer?
Carbohydrates
What holds the Cell Membrane together while promoting flexibility?
Cholesterol
This is the control center of the cell
Nucleus
What is the fluid in the Nucleus?
Nucleoplasm