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Biology > Cell Structure and Function (Lecture 4) > Flashcards

Cell Structure and Function (Lecture 4) Flashcards

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1
Q

Who first coined the term “Cell” by looking at sections of cork tissue under a magnifying glass?

A

Robert Hook

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2
Q

Who invented the first microscope and viewed pond water under it, calling the creatures he saw in it “animalcules”?

A

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

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3
Q

What are all organisms comprised of?

A

Cells

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4
Q

Where do all cells arise from?

A

Pre-existing Cells

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5
Q

How large are Prokaryotic Cells?

A

1-10 Micrometers

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6
Q

How large are Eukaryotic Cells?

A

10-100 Micrometers

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7
Q

What is the region of the Cytoplasm that unbound DNA is located in in Prokaryotic Cells?

A

The Nucleoid Region of the Cytoplasm

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8
Q

The phospholipid bilayer that regulates what moves in and out of a cell

A

Cell Membrane

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9
Q

What is the cell wall made out of in Prokaryotic Cells?

A

Peptidoglycan

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10
Q

This is the jelly like coating with attached pili (fimbriae) which are hair-like extensions for attachment

A

Capsule

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11
Q

Tiny structures for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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12
Q

Container holding DNA within the cytoplasm in Eukaryotic Cells

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

Cell structures covered by a double membrane covering

A

Envelope

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14
Q

What is the cell wall made up of in algae and plants?

A

Cellulose

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15
Q

What protects plant cells and provides shape and structural support?

A

The Cell Wall

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16
Q

What is the cell wall made up of in Slime Molds and Fungi?

A

Chitin

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17
Q

What cells is the Cell Membrane present in?

A

All Cells

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18
Q

What is selective permeablility?

A

The ability to regulate what comes in and out of the cell via the Cell Membrane

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19
Q

What is the Cell Membrane generally described as?

A

A phospholipid bilayer

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20
Q

This component of the Cell Membrane serves as a general barrier for the cell

A

Phospholipids

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21
Q

Which part of the plasma membrane are used specifically for transport?

A

Integral Proteins

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22
Q

What part of the Cell Membrane is used specifically for receiving chemical signals?

A

Peripheral proteins

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23
Q

The extensions from the phospholipid bilayer of a cell that is used for attachment to other cells or to surfaces is made out of what polymer?

A

Carbohydrates

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24
Q

What holds the Cell Membrane together while promoting flexibility?

A

Cholesterol

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25
Q

This is the control center of the cell

A

Nucleus

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26
Q

What is the fluid in the Nucleus?

A

Nucleoplasm

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27
Q

The double membrane covering the Nucleus

A

Nuclear Envelope

28
Q

Where is the Nucleolus located?

A

Inside the Nucleus

29
Q

What does the Nucleolus produce?

A

Ribosomes

30
Q

What fluid inside the cell contains water and any dissolved solutes?

A

Cytosol

31
Q

What are the two components that the Cytoplasm includes?

A

The Cytosol and all the the structures suspended within it

32
Q

The Protein matrix running through the cytoplasm

A

Cytoskeleton

33
Q

Hollow tubes of the protein Tubulin, used in cell division

A

Microtubules

34
Q

Thin strips of the protein actin, used in cell movement

A

Microfilaments

35
Q

These consist of rope-like fibers of the protein Keratin, and protect a cell against stress and trauma

A

Intermediate Fibers

36
Q

A dense network of fine, wispy proteins, that anchors cell structures in the cytoplasm

A

Microtrabeculae

37
Q

These Vacuoles are only located in protozoans. They store and expel excess water

A

Contractile Vacuoles

38
Q

These Vacuoles, that are only located in animal cells, store triglycerides

A

Fat Vacuole

39
Q

This Vacuole, that are only located in plant cells, store water and can take up between 50-90% of the cell

A

Central Vacuole

40
Q

An organelle that is the site of cellular respiration, which is the process of converting glucose into ATP

A

Mitochondrion

41
Q

The Fluid in the Mitochondrion

A

Matrix

42
Q

The folds of the inner membrane of the Mitochondrion

A

Cristae

43
Q

An organelle in plant and algal cells that is the site of photosynthesis, which converts light energy into glucose

A

Chloroplast

44
Q

Energy-rich fluid in the Chloroplast

A

Stroma

45
Q

Membranous disk covered by light trapping pigments

A

Thylakoid Disks

46
Q

A stack of Thylakoid disks

A

Granum

47
Q

The tiniest of all cell structures that is both found in all cells and the site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

48
Q

Membrane bound sacs of hydrolytic enzymes that:
Digests a cell’s food and waste
Breaks down Damaged cell structures
Destroys foreign agents

A

Lysosomes

49
Q

Membrane bound sacs of catalytic enzymes purpose made to break down toxic hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

A

Peroxisomes

50
Q

A system of membranous channels with compartments that form vesicles

A

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

51
Q

This part of the cell has ribosomes attached and processes and packages protein

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

52
Q

This part of the cells is the site of lipid synthesis that can also store calcium and perform detoxification

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

53
Q

This stack of membrane bound flattened sacs is referred to as the packaging and distribution center of the cell. It can also form lysosomes and peroxisomes

A

Golgi Apparatus

54
Q

Long whip-like tails used for movement

A

Flagella

55
Q

Shorter, hair-like extensions that move like stiff oars

A

Cilia

56
Q

What are both Cilia and Flagella made of?

A

Microtubules

57
Q

This part of the cell is only present in animal-like cells, and is used in cell division

A

Centrioles

58
Q

The area of the cytoplasm in which Centrioles sit

A

Centrosome

59
Q

This plant cell junction is a channel that connect two adjacent cells and allow for the cells to communicated and share cytoplasm and nutrients

A

Plasmodesmata

60
Q

This animal cell junction produces a leak-proof tissue with snap-like connection between adjacent cells

A

Tight Junction

61
Q

This animal cell junction is a button-like connection between adjacent cells that still allows for fluid to move between it

A

Desmosomes

62
Q

This animal cell junction is made of channels that connect two adjacent cells and, similar to plasmodesmata, allow for cells to communicate and share substances

A

Gap junction

63
Q

How many subunits are ribosomes made of?

A

Two, a small and a large subunit

64
Q

What is the name of Ribosomes attached to proteins of the cytoskeleton?

A

Free Ribosomes

65
Q

What is the name of Ribosomes attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Bound Ribosomes

Biology (17 decks)

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