Transmission and treatment of viral disease

Question 1

Name the broad routes of transmission

Answer 1

• respiratory
• contact
• enteric
• percutaneous
• mother to child
• zonnoses

Question 2

Respiratory transmission

Answer 2

• aerosol, droplet

- saliva

Question 3

Name some ‘respiratory viruses’

Answer 3

flue, parainfluenza, rhinovirus

Question 4

Suprising viruses trasmitted via respiratory route:

Answer 4

• measles, rubella, chickenpox, parovirus

Question 5

Viruses transmitted via saliva:

Answer 5

cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus

Question 6

Types of contact transmission

Answer 6

Mucosal

Cutaneous

Question 7

Ex of mucosal viruses

Answer 7

HIV, Herpes simplex

Question 8

Ex of cutaneous virus

Answer 8

HPV (microabrasions in skin)

Question 9

Generally, enteric viruses are spread through…

Answer 9

fecal-oral, ingestion

Question 10

Enteric viruses

Answer 10

norovirus
rotavirus
HepA
HepE

Question 11

Types of percutanous transmission:

Answer 11

Blood-borne viruses (sexually, injection)

Abroviruses (mosquito)

Question 12

Ex of blood-borne viruses

Answer 12

HIV, HepC, HepB

Question 13

Types of mother-child transmission

Answer 13

• congenital (in utero)

- perinatal

Question 14

Congenital infections:

Answer 14

CMV, rubella, parovirus, varicella

Question 15

Perinatal infections:

Answer 15

tend to overlap with blood-borne/mucosa. HIV, HepB, Herpes simplex

Question 16

Zoonoses infections:

Answer 16

• ingestion
• animal bites
• insects (abroviruses)

Question 17

Non-specific antiviral:

Answer 17

Interferon, stimulates immune system

Question 18

Nucleoside analogues MoA

Answer 18

Act as a chain terminator

Question 19

Nucleoside analogue ex:

Answer 19

Aciclovir, valaciclovir, famiciclovir

Question 20

What can be used to treat influenza?

Answer 20

Neuroaminidase inhibitor

Question 21

Name 2 neuroaminidase inhibitors:

Answer 21

1. Oseltamivir

2. Zanamivir

Question 22

Nucloside analogues can treat…

Answer 22

• herpes simplex, varacella zoster, CMV

Question 23

What does the prefix -val mean?

Answer 23

metabolised by liver first. reduces toxicity and increases bioavailability

Question 24

Suffix of protease inhibitors

Answer 24

-previr

Question 25

What is the key difference between resistance in bacteria vs viruses?

Answer 25

more likely to catch a resistant bacteria, in virus the virus in patient is more likely to become resistant

Question 26

Why is resistance different in viruses?

Answer 26

RNA polymerase is very prone to mistakes, will acquire resistance quickly.

Question 27

Name 2 type 1 interferon:

Answer 27

INF-a, INF-b

Question 28

What antibody would you test for to check current infection?

Answer 28

IgM

Question 29

What antibody would you test for to check immunity?

Answer 29

IgG

Question 30

Where does varicella zoster remain latent?

Answer 30

Dorsal root ganglia, trigeminal ganglion

Question 31

Varciella zoster is a type of…

Answer 31

herpes virus

Question 32

Varicella =

Answer 32

chicken pox

Question 33

herpes zoster =

Answer 33

shingles