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Disease processes > An introduction to clinical dermatology > Flashcards

An introduction to clinical dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

A serious drug allergy/ result of infection which results in multiple lesions ranging from minor to major

A

Erythema multiforme

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2
Q

Tool used to look at pigmented lesions

A

Dermoscope

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3
Q

Eczema in infants usually

A

Begins on the face

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4
Q

distribution of psoriasis

A

Extensor surfaces on limbs

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5
Q

Koeberberisation is associated with

A

Psoriasis

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6
Q

Koebernerisation =

A

Lesions along site of trauma

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7
Q

Acronym used to describe individual lesions:

A

SCAM

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8
Q

SCAM

A

Size/Shape
Colour
Associated secondary changes
Morphology/Margin

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9
Q

Acronym used for looking at pigmented lesions

A

ABCDE

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10
Q

ABCDE

A 
Asymmetry
Irregular Border
two or more Colours
Diameter >6mm
Evolution of lesion
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11
Q

Score used to grade psoriasis

A

PASI

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12
Q

Ways lesions can be disributed

A
  • Localised
  • Generalised
  • Widespread
  • Flexural
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13
Q

Ex of places flexural lesions can show:

A
  • groin
  • neck
  • behind ears
  • popliteal fossa
  • antecubital fossa
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14
Q

PASI score grades lesions according to:

A

Redness, thickness, scale of lesions

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15
Q

Photosensitive =

A

affects sun-exposed areas

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16
Q

Dermatome =

A

Area of skin supplies by a single spinal nerve.

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17
Q

ex of pressure areas:

A

sacrum, buttocks, ankles, heals

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18
Q

Lesion =

A

area of altered skin

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19
Q

Naevus =

A

localised malformation of tissue structures.

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20
Q

Itching =

A

Pruritus

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21
Q

Descriptions of colour:

A
  • erythema
  • hyper-pigmentation
  • melasma
  • de-pigmentation
  • vitiligo
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22
Q

Petechiae =

A

small, pinpoint macules

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23
Q

Purpura =

A

red or purple in colour, bleeding into skin

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24
Q

Ecchymosis =

A

bruise

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25
Q

3 most common inflammatory dermatoses =

A
  1. Acne
  2. Atopic dermatitis/eczema
  3. Psoriasis
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26
Q

Acne is most common what age and gender?

A 
age = 12-25
gender = female (earlier puberty)
27
Q

Areas of acne:

A

face, back, chest

28
Q

Clinical features of acne:

A
  • Seborrhoea
  • Comedones
  • inflammatory lesions
  • scarring
29
Q

Non-inflammatory lesions =

A

Comedones

30
Q

Open comedones

A

Blackhead. Enlarged hair follicle opening filled with melanin.

31
Q

Closed comedones

A

Whiteheads. Small, raised, non-inflammaed sport.

32
Q

Inflammatory lesions found in acne:

A

papule
pustule
nodule
cyst

33
Q

Cyst =

A

papule or nodule that contains fluid

34
Q

2 types of scarring found in acne:

A

Atrophic

Hypertrophic

35
Q

Atrophic scarring

A

Sunken recess in skin, pitted appearance.

36
Q

Hypertrophic scarring

A

overproduction of collagen.

37
Q

Atopic eczema is a … hypersensitivity

A

Type 1

38
Q

Atopic eczema is characterised by:

A

relapses and remission

39
Q

Triggers for eczema:

A

Irritants, environmental triggers (diet, stress)

40
Q

Clinical presentation of AD:

A
  • Erythematous, dry, scaly

- flexor aspects (popliteal and antecubital fossa)

41
Q

Chronic scratching in atopic dermatitis can lead to:

A

Exocoriations and lichenification

42
Q

Bulla:

A

large, fluid-filled blister. >0.5 cm in diameter.

43
Q

Psoriasis is a type … hypersensitivity

A

Type IV

44
Q

Most common type of psoriasis:

A

Chronic plaque psoriasis

45
Q

Intense and usually widespread reddening of the skin due to inflammatory skin disease:

A

Erythroderma

46
Q

Complications of erythroderma:

A
  • secondary infection
  • fluid loss, electrolyte imbalance
  • hypothermia
  • high-output cardiac failure
  • capillary leak syndrome
47
Q

Weals:

A

transient lesions due to oedema. happen in urticaria

48
Q

Urticaria is due to significant…

A

Histamine release in the skin

49
Q

3 types of skin infections:

A
  • bacterial
  • viral
  • fungal
50
Q

Ex bacterial skin infection

A

Staphlococcal (e.g. cellulitis)

Streptococcal

51
Q

Ex viral skin infection

A

varicella zoster
Herpes simplex
HPV

52
Q

Ex fungal skin infection

A

Tinea

Candida

53
Q

Erythrasma

A

common skin condition, under skin folds.

54
Q

Organisms causing erythrasma

A

Corynebacterium minutissimum

55
Q

Ex of benign tumors:

A
  • warts

- seborrheic keratoses

56
Q

Warts are due to:

A

a virus

57
Q

Types of skin cancer

A
  • Basal cell carcinoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Malignant melanoma
58
Q

Basal cell skin cancer:

A
  • locally invasive
  • rarely metastasises
  • slow-growing
59
Q

Most common malignant skin tumour:

A

Basal cell skin cancer

60
Q

Causes of basal cell carcinoma:

A 
UV exposure
Hx of severe sunburn in childhood
Type 1 skin
Male
Immunosuppression
Hx of previous skin cancer
Genetic predisposition
61
Q

Common sites of basal cell carcinoma:

A

Head, neck

62
Q

Causes/risk factors for malignant melanoma:

A
  • Excessive UV exposure
  • Type 1 skin
  • Hx of multiple moles/atypical moles
  • FHx
  • Previous Hx of melanoma
63
Q

Common sites of melanoma

A
  • legs in women

- trunk in men

64
Q

Measure of depth of lesion, can provide info on prognosis:

A

Breslow depth (T1-T4)

Disease processes (21 decks)

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