Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Disease processes > Cellular basis of disease > Flashcards

Cellular basis of disease Flashcards

Week 1

1
Q

Predisposition

A

increased susceptibility to develop disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Disease

A

a consequence of a failure of homeostasis, with potential to impair function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aetiology

A

Cause of a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Disease mechanism

A

the way homeostasis is disturbed (e.g. the production of a toxin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pathogenesis

A

pathological mechanisms resulting in clinical disease (e.g. how the etiological agent interacts with the host to cause disease).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Premalignant

A

A lesion or process that will probably transform into an invasive malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 2 types of stain do you usually stain a specimen with

A

Specific stain and counter stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give an example of what an acidic dye might stain

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give an example of what a basic dye might stain

A

Nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of dye is Eosin and what colour does it stain

A

Acidic dye, stains basic structures pink or red (e.g. cytoplasm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of dye is hematoxylin

A

Basic dye, stains acidic structures purplish-blue (e.g. nuclei and parts of cytoplasm which are RNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 4 key targets of cell damage

A

Mitochondria, plasma membrane, ionic channels, cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name 2 scales of which to look at a pathology

A

Macroscopic and Microscopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is steatosis?

A

Fatty liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name 2 mechanisms of cell death/cell component death

A

Apoptosis and Autophagy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pyknosis

A

Shrinkage of the nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Karyolysis and Karyorrhexis

A

Fragmentation of the nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name 3 types of necrosis

A

Coagulative, colliquative/liquefaction, caseating

19
Q

Coagulative necrosis

A

Maintains the structure/architecture of the tissue.

20
Q

What kind of necrosis occurs during schema or infarction

A

Coagulative necrosis

21
Q

Colliquative necrosis

A

Massive release of hydrolytic enzymes from cells cause degradation of the tissue structure from the local environment.
Tissue becomes a liquid viscous mass.

22
Q

Caseating necrosis

A

Not liquid but tissue has lost its structure.

23
Q

What disease is caveating necrosis the hall-mark of?

A

TB granuloma

24
Q

Congenital

A

Present at birth

25
Q

Name different chromosomal abnormalities.

A

Polidy (number), structure, mutation, post-transcription, post-translation

26
Q

Structural chromosomal defects

A

deletion, inversion, ring formation, translocation

27
Q

Hyperplasia

A

increase in the number of cells

28
Q

Ex of physiological hyperplasia

A

breasts in puberty

29
Q

Ex of pathological hyperplasia

A

adrenal cordial hyperplasia in Cushing’s syndrome due to ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma

30
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increased cell size

31
Q

Ex. physiological hypertrophy

A

muscle hypertrophy in regular exercise

32
Q

Atrophy

A

an umbrella term for decrease in size and number of cells

33
Q

Dysplasia

A

abnormal cytological appearance and tissue architecture

34
Q

Metaplasia

A

conversion of one type of differentiated tissue into another

35
Q

Transdifferentiation

A

one cell type transforming into another

36
Q

What is the difference between metaplasia and transdifferentiation

A

In metaplasia, stem cells start to differentiate into a different kind of tissue. In transdifferentiation one cell type transforms into another.

37
Q

Clinical features of benign tumours

A

slow growth, no ulceration, no evidence of metastasis, smooth edges, resembles organ tissue, uniform size and shape, no invasion of vessels, no dysplasia

38
Q

Clinical features of malignant tumours

A

rapid growth, frequent ulceration + haemorrhage, evidence of metastasis, irregular edges, poor resemblance to tissue organ, variable cell size and shape, often invasion of vessels, sometimes dysplasia in adjacent tissues

39
Q

What mediates type 1 hypersensitivity

A

IgE

40
Q

What mediates type 2 hypersensitivity

A

IgG, IgM (sometimes)

41
Q

What mediates type 3 hypersensitivity

A

IgG

42
Q

What mediates type 4 hypersensitivity

A

T cells

43
Q

Iatrogenic disease

A

the result of a treatment or intervention

44
Q

give an example of iatrogenic disease

A

drugs: overdose, allergy, side effects
radiation: inflammation, scarring, neoplasia
blood transfusion: hepatitis, AIDS
complications: surgery, immobility
‘advice’

Disease processes (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions