Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Disease processes > Fungal infections > Flashcards

Fungal infections Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria:

A
  • unicellular
  • prokaryote
  • circular chromosomes
  • no membrane bound organelles
  • 70s ribosomes
  • asexual reproduction
  • peptidoglycan cell wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fungi:

A
  • can be multicellular
  • eukaryote
  • distinct nucleus
  • DNA on several chromosomes
  • membrane-bound organelles
  • 80s ribisomes
  • sexual or asexual reproduction
  • chitin cell wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many known species of fungi are there?

A

250,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Saprophytes =

A

organisms that live in the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why are fungi infections so rare?

A
  • Not well adapted to 37 degrees, redox poTentials, human nutirents
  • host defence mechanisms
  • slow growing
  • already highly successful in environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fungal infections are most common in:

A

Immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ex of immunocompromised patients:

A
  • HIV
  • Chemotherapy
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Pregnancy
  • Leukemia, lymphoma
  • Steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fungal infections in the immunocompromised may..

A
  • more common
  • disseminate
  • more severe
  • be a type that doesn’t occur in immunocompetent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 types of fungi:

A
  1. moulds
  2. yeasts
  3. dimorphic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Moulds:

A

Grow by formation of filaments (hyphae) which form mycelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In moulds, what is visible to the naked eye?

A

Mycelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reproduction of moulds:

A
  • sexual

- asexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ex of moulds:

A

Apergillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Yeasts:

A

Single-celled organisms, round.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Reproduction of yeasts:

A

Budding, asexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ex of pathogenic yeasts:

A

Candida species

Cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Candida albicans has:

A

Pseudohyphae and true hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dimorphic fungi:

A

Can grow as yeasts or mould. Yeast = infection, Mould = saprophytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ex of dimorphic fungi:

A

Coccidiodes immitis (coccidiodomycoses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Toxic substance produced by fungus:

A

Mycotoxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mycotoxins can cause conditions such as:

A

Ergotism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ex of hypersensitivity to fungi:

A

Asthma, farmer’s lung

23
Q

2 kinds of superficial mycoses:

A
  1. no tissue invaded, no cellular response

2. no tissue invaded, cellular response

24
Q

Ex no tissue invaded, no cellular response:

A

Tinea versicolour = painless scaling of skin

25
Q

Tinea versicolor is caused by:

A

Yeast Malasezzia furfur

26
Q

Malasezzia furfur:

A
  • yeasts

- feeds on keratin but doesn’t produce host immune response

27
Q

Ex No tissue invaded but host response elicited:

A

Ringworm/tinea/dermatophytosis.

28
Q

Ringworm =

A

Use keratin as a nutrient (via production of keratinase). Ellicits a host response

29
Q

3 groups of ringworms:

A
  1. geophillic
  2. zoophillic
  3. anthropophillic
30
Q

Athletes foot =

A

tinea pedis

31
Q

Ringworm vs eczema:

A

Ringworm: doesn’t itch as much, anywhere, circular ring with raised borers and clear center

Eczema: itches, elbows and behind knees, flat borders.

32
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses are a result of:

A

Direct penetration of fungus into dermis and subcutaneous tissue through traumatic injury

33
Q

Most common deep/systemic mycoses:

A

Aspergillus fumigatus.

34
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus:

A

Deep infection followed by inhalation of spores resulting in pulmonary aspergillosis.
Can form a aspergilloma
Can invade blood vessels and cause pulmonary haemorrhage or infarction

35
Q

Excepting to ‘fungi grow slow’ rule:

A

Murcomycoses

36
Q

Murcomycoses:

A
  • start in sinuses
  • fast growing
  • don’t respond to anti-fungals
37
Q

Ex of invasive yeast:

A

Candida

38
Q

Deep Candida:

A

Oesophagitis, candidaemia, endocarditis, hepatosplenic candidiasis

39
Q

Superficial candida:

A

Trush (mucus), cadiosis of skin (rash)

40
Q

Most common cause of thrush:

A

Candida albicans

41
Q

Coccidiodomycoses

A

Deep dimorphic mycoses. Respiratory symptoms, rash, fibrosis.

42
Q

How many classes of antifungals are there?

A

3

43
Q

Polyene =

A

Amphotericin

44
Q

Amphotericin B =

A

Binds to ergosterol

45
Q

Very broad spectrum anti-fungal =

A

Amphotericin B

46
Q

The most toxic drug used to treat infection =

A

Amphotericin B

47
Q

Toxicity of amphotericin:

A
  • Renal damage

- Chills/fever during infusion

48
Q

Ex of Azoles

A

Flycoazole, voriconazole

49
Q

MoA of azoles

A

Inhibit enzyme lansosterol 14 a-demethylase.

50
Q

Lansosterol 14 a-demthylase:

A

converts lanosterol to ergosterol

51
Q

Ergosterol =

A

Fungi cholesterol

52
Q

Ex of exhinocandins:

A

Caspofugin

53
Q

MoA of echinocandins:

A

Inhibits glucan synthase so inhibits cell wall synthesis

54
Q

Use of echinocandins:

A

Invasive aspergillosis, invasive candida

Disease processes (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions