Targeted therapies in cancer treatment

Question 1

Limitations of conventional cytotoxic chemo:

Answer 1

• Lack of specificity
• toxicity
• lack of effectiveness
• lack of individualisation

Question 2

What receptor is upregulated in some cancer cells?

Answer 2

EGFR

Question 3

What pathway is a potential target for cancer cells?

Answer 3

EGFR-mediated signalling pathways

Question 4

Philadelphia chromosome involves chromosomes:

Answer 4

9 and 22 (translocation)

Question 5

Gene/protein encoded by Philadelphia chromosome

Answer 5

ARB-BCR

Question 6

Inhibitor of Philadelphia chromosome (tyrosine kinase)

Answer 6

Imatinib

Question 7

Gefitinib

Answer 7

EGFR inhibitor

Question 8

2 phases of the immune system and cancer:

Answer 8

1. Priming: dendritic cells take up antigens and present to T cells
2. Effector: T cells kill cancer cells

Question 9

Mechanisms of how some cancer cells evade immune system:

Answer 9

Have PD-L1 (programmed death receptor 1 ligand)

PD-L1 binds to PD-1 (programmed death receptor 1) on T cell to kill it

Question 10

Inhibitor of PD-1 and PD-L1

Answer 10

Nivolumab

Question 11

Nivolumab is used in

Answer 11

Metastatic melanoma

Question 12

Nitedanib

Answer 12

Angiogenesis inhibitor

Question 13

Methotrexate =

Answer 13

Antimetbolite

Question 14

Cisplatin, Carboplatin =

Answer 14

Alkylating agent

Question 15

Cyclophoshamide =

Answer 15

Alkylating agent