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Disease processes > Biology of the skin > Flashcards

Biology of the skin Flashcards

week 1

1
Q

What does the skin protect against as a physical barrier?

A

mechanical damage, water entry, water loss, chemicals, particles, infectious agents

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2
Q

Name some physiological functions of the skin

A

temperature regulation, sensation, nerve signalling, vitamin D synthesis.

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3
Q

Name the 3 main layers of the skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis/Subcutis

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4
Q

Which type of skin is most abundant?

A

Thin skin

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5
Q

Where can thick skin be found?

A

palms of hands and soles of feet

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6
Q

In which type of skin is the stratum lucidum found?

A

Thick skin

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7
Q

Where is the stratum lucidum found?

A

Between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum

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8
Q

What type of epithelium is the epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous

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9
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A

Basal layer
Spinous layer
Granular layer
Cornified layer

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10
Q

Basal layer (of epidermis)

A

Single cell, contains basal cells which are stem cells of the epidermis.

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11
Q

What cells are in the basal layer?

A

Basal cells

Melanocytes

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12
Q

Spinous layer (of epidermis)

A

prominent intracellular keratin filaments form a scaffold. Desmosomes link them to adjacent cells

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13
Q

Desmosomes are a type of…

A

cell-to-cell junctions

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14
Q

Tonofibrils

A

Filaments which form a scaffold and converge at desmosomes.

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15
Q

Granular layer (of epidermis)

A

Keratohyalin granules produces which contain proteins which bind to and aggregate keratin filaments.
Lamellar bodies contain lipid important for hydrophobic barrier to water.

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16
Q

Where are lamellar bodies found?

A

Statum granulosum

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17
Q

Cornified layer (of epidermis)

A

Cells have underwent apoptosis, loose nuclei and organelles.

18
Q

List the cells of the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

19
Q

Melanocytes

A

Produce melanin, responsible for skin pigmentation and protection against UV damage. Produce melanin which is packaged into melanosomes which are transferred into neighbouring keratinocytes.

20
Q

What types of cell is a langerhan cell?

A

Antigen-presenting cell

21
Q

Merkel cells

A

Found in associated with nerve fibres responsible for fine touch sensations

22
Q

Name the 2 layers of the dermis

A

Papillary dermis

Reticular dermis

23
Q

Papillary dermis

A

thin layer underling the epidermis, relatively loose conceive tissue made up of collagen and elastin fibres.
contains capillary networks, lymphatics and nerve endings.

24
Q

How does the epidermis recieve blood supply?

A

Papillary loops in the papillary dermis

25
Q

Reticular dermis

A

Thick layer, dense irregular connective tissue containing thick bundles of collage fibres.
Contains fibroblasts, immune cells, various vessels, nerves and nerve endings.
Site of various skin appendages

26
Q

List the cells of the dermis

A

Collage + elastin fibres
Fibroblasts
Immune cells - mast, macrophages, lymphocytes
Adipocytes

27
Q

Hypodermis

A

Loose connective tissue with adipose cells, larger blood vessels and nerves
Adipose tissue connected by fibrous septa

28
Q

Functions of the hypodermis

A

insulation, protection, energy storage

29
Q

3 phases of hair

A

Growth (anagen)
Transition (catagen)
Resting (telogen)

30
Q

Name 2 types of glands

A

Sebaceous
Eccrine
Apocrine

31
Q

What do sebaceous glands secrete

A

sebum (a lipid containing substance that coats the hair to keep it soft, supple and waterproof).

32
Q

What structure does a sebaceous gland have?

A

Branched acinar

33
Q

What type of secretion does a sebaceous gland do?

A

Holocene

34
Q

Holocrine secretion

A

secretions produced in the cytoplasm of the cell and released by the rupture of the plasma membrane which destroys the cell

35
Q

What do eccrine glands secrete?

A

Sweat

36
Q

What type of secretion do eccrine glands undergo?

A

Merocrine

37
Q

Merocrine sections

A

excreted via exocytosis

38
Q

Structure of a merocrine gland

A

coiled tubular

39
Q

What stage of life do apocrine glands become functional?

A

puberty

40
Q

Healing superficial wounds

A

epidermis can regenerate from basal layer

41
Q

Healing of deep wounds

A 
haemostats
inflammation
fibroplasia 
epithelialisation 
remodelling
42
Q

healing of deepest wounds

A

if dermis and deep parts of appendages destroyed over significant area, spontaneous healing not possible

Disease processes (21 decks)

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