Transfusion

Question 1

What is the primary function of blood?

Answer 1

To transport oxygen

Question 2

What are the four main blood components?

Answer 2

Red blood cells (RBCs)

Question 3

What is the purpose of blood transfusion?

Answer 3

To restore blood volume

Question 4

What is the most important blood group system?

Answer 4

The ABO system

Question 5

What is Landsteiner’s Law?

Answer 5

If an agglutinogen is present on RBCs

Question 6

What is the universal donor blood type?

Answer 6

Type O

Question 7

What is the universal recipient blood type?

Answer 7

Type AB

Question 8

What is the Rh factor?

Answer 8

An antigen present on RBCs; individuals are either Rh-positive (have the antigen) or Rh-negative (lack the antigen).”

Question 9

What is the risk of Rh incompatibility?

Answer 9

Rh-negative individuals can develop antibodies against Rh-positive blood

Question 10

What is the shelf life of whole blood?

Answer 10

42 days when stored at 1-6°C.”

Question 11

What is the shelf life of platelets?

Answer 11

5 days when stored at 20-24°C.”

Question 12

What is the shelf life of fresh frozen plasma (FFP)?

Answer 12

1 year when stored at -30°C or lower.”

Question 13

What is the primary indication for packed RBC transfusion?

Answer 13

To treat anemia or acute blood loss.”

Question 14

What is the primary indication for platelet transfusion?

Answer 14

To prevent or treat bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction.”

Question 15

What is the primary indication for FFP transfusion?

Answer 15

To correct coagulation factor deficiencies or reverse anticoagulation.”

Question 16

What is the primary indication for cryoprecipitate transfusion?

Answer 16

To treat hypofibrinogenemia or von Willebrand’s disease.”

Question 17

What is the primary indication for granulocyte transfusion?

Answer 17

To treat severe neutropenia or infections in immunocompromised patients.”

Question 18

What is the primary indication for albumin transfusion?

Answer 18

To treat hypovolemia or hypoalbuminemia.”

Question 19

What is the primary indication for immunoglobulin transfusion?

Answer 19

To treat immunodeficiency or autoimmune disorders.”

Question 20

What is the primary indication for factor concentrates transfusion?

Answer 20

To treat hemophilia or other clotting factor deficiencies.”

Question 21

What is the most common complication of blood transfusion?

Answer 21

Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTR).”

Question 22

What is the treatment for FNHTR?

Answer 22

Antipyretics and

Question 23

What is the most serious complication of blood transfusion?

Answer 23

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR)

Question 24

What are the symptoms of AHTR?

Answer 24

Fever

Question 25

What is the treatment for AHTR?

Answer 25

Stop the transfusion

Question 26

What is transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)?

Answer 26

A condition caused by rapid infusion of blood

Question 27

What is the treatment for TACO?

Answer 27

Slow the transfusion rate

Question 28

What is transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)?

Answer 28

A condition caused by donor antibodies reacting with recipient leukocytes

Question 29

What are the symptoms of TRALI?

Answer 29

Dyspnea

Question 30

What is the treatment for TRALI?

Answer 30

Discontinue the transfusion and provide pulmonary support."

Question 31

What is the risk of bacterial contamination in blood transfusions?

Answer 31

Highest in platelet products due to storage at room temperature."

Question 32

What is the treatment for bacterial contamination in blood transfusions?

Answer 32

Stop the transfusion

Question 33

What is the risk of viral transmission in blood transfusions?

Answer 33

Low due to rigorous screening for HIV

Question 34

What is the risk of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD)?

Answer 34

Rare but fatal

Question 35

What is the prevention for TA-GVHD?

Answer 35

Irradiation of blood products to inactivate donor lymphocytes."

Question 36

What is the primary cause of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions?

Answer 36

Re-exposure to non-D Rh antigens or other minor blood group antigens."

Question 37

What are the symptoms of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions?

Answer 37

Fever

Question 38

What is the treatment for delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions?

Answer 38

Usually supportive

Question 39

What is the primary cause of allergic transfusion reactions?

Answer 39

Donor plasma proteins reacting with recipient antibodies."

Question 40

What are the symptoms of allergic transfusion reactions?

Answer 40

Rash

Question 41

What is the treatment for allergic transfusion reactions?

Answer 41

Antihistamines and

Question 42

What is the primary cause of hypotensive transfusion reactions?

Answer 42

Bradykinin release from donor plasma

Question 43

What is the treatment for hypotensive transfusion reactions?

Answer 43

Stop the transfusion and monitor blood pressure."

Question 44

What is the primary cause of febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions?

Answer 44

Cytokines in donor blood or recipient antibodies reacting with donor WBCs."

Question 45

What is the treatment for febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions?

Answer 45

Antipyretics and

Question 46

What is the primary cause of transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM)?

Answer 46

Donor WBCs modulating the recipient’s immune response."

Question 47

What is the risk of TRIM?

Answer 47

Increased risk of infection or cancer recurrence in immunocompromised patients."

Question 48

What is the primary cause of iron overload in transfusion-dependent patients?

Answer 48

Repeated transfusions leading to excessive iron accumulation."

Question 49

What is the treatment for iron overload?

Answer 49

Iron chelation therapy with agents like deferoxamine or deferasirox."