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Surgery > Crc > Flashcards

Crc Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Colorectal cancer

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2
Q

Which gene mutations are commonly associated with classic chromosomal instability in CRC?

A

APC KRAS p53

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3
Q

What is the primary screening method for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)?

A

Flexible sigmoidoscopy

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4
Q

What is the main characteristic of microsatellite instability (MSI) in CRC?

A

Errors in mismatch repair during DNA replication

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5
Q

Which inherited syndrome has a nearly 100% lifetime risk of colorectal cancer by age 50?

A

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)

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6
Q

What is the preferred screening modality for Lynch syndrome?

A

Colonoscopy every 1-2 years starting at age 20-25

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7
Q

What percentage of Lynch syndrome patients develop colorectal cancer?

A

0.7

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8
Q

What is the Amsterdam II criteria used for?

A

Diagnosing Lynch syndrome

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9
Q

Which colorectal cancer screening test has 92% sensitivity for detecting CRC?

A

Stool DNA test

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10
Q

What imaging modality is most accurate for colorectal cancer diagnosis?

A

Colonoscopy

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11
Q

What is the gold standard for CRC staging?

A

TNM staging

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12
Q

What is the first-line treatment for localized colorectal cancer?

A

Surgical resection

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13
Q

What is the recommended surgical margin for colonic cancer resection?

A

5 cm

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14
Q

Which adjuvant chemotherapy regimen is used for Stage III CRC?

A

FOLFOX (5-FU leucovorin oxaliplatin)

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15
Q

What is the most common site of CRC metastasis?

A

Liver

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16
Q

Which rectal cancer stage benefits from neoadjuvant chemoradiation?

A

Stage II and III

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17
Q

What is the most common histological type of colorectal cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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18
Q

What is the role of CEA in colorectal cancer?

A

Tumor marker for prognosis and recurrence monitoring

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19
Q

What is the recommended follow-up for CRC post-surgery?

A

Colonoscopy at 1 year

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20
Q

What is the treatment for T1 rectal cancer in a medically unfit patient?

A

Local excision

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21
Q

What is the principle of total mesorectal excision (TME)?

A

Complete removal of mesorectal tissue to reduce recurrence

22
Q

What is the survival benefit of metastatic CRC resection?

A

Can improve survival in selected liver/lung metastases

23
Q

What is the treatment of choice for a patient with CRC obstruction?

A

Diverting colostomy or resection

24
Q

What is the main difference in tumor spread between colonic and rectal cancer?

A

Rectal cancer has more local invasion risk

25
Q

What is the role of PET-CT in CRC staging?

A

Detects distant metastases

26
Q

What is the common site for lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer?

A

Mesorectal lymph nodes

27
Q

What is the surgical treatment for FAP?

A

Proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis

28
Q

What is the major dietary risk factor for CRC?

A

High intake of saturated fats

29
Q

Which polyps have the highest malignant potential?

A

Villous adenomas

30
Q

What is the characteristic feature of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?

A

Hamartomatous polyps with mucocutaneous pigmentation

31
Q

Which CRC subtype has a better prognosis despite advanced stage?

A

MSI-high tumors

32
Q

What is the mainstay of CRC chemotherapy?

A

5-Fluorouracil-based regimens

33
Q

What does a positive FOBT indicate?

A

Possible colorectal neoplasm needs colonoscopy

34
Q

Which imaging modality is used for preoperative rectal cancer staging?

35
Q

What is the first-line treatment for Stage I rectal cancer?

A

Radical surgical resection

36
Q

Which inherited CRC syndrome has extracolonic malignancies?

A

Lynch syndrome

37
Q

Which polyposis syndrome has the highest risk for CRC?

38
Q

What surgical approach is preferred for left-sided CRC?

A

Low anterior resection

39
Q

Which genetic mutation is most common in sporadic CRC?

A

APC mutation

40
Q

Which molecular marker predicts poor response to anti-EGFR therapy?

A

KRAS mutation

41
Q

What is the prognosis of CRC with peritoneal carcinomatosis?

42
Q

What is the primary method for CRC metastasis detection?

A

CT scan of chest

43
Q

What is the best screening strategy for an average-risk individual?

A

Colonoscopy every 10 years starting at age 50

44
Q

What is the next step if a patient has a positive FIT test?

A

Colonoscopy

45
Q

Which polyp type should always be removed due to malignancy risk?

A

Sessile serrated adenomas

46
Q

Which chemotherapy agent is used in metastatic CRC with VEGF inhibitors?

A

Bevacizumab

47
Q

What is the recommended surgical margin for rectal cancer resection?

48
Q

What is the common treatment for Stage IV CRC with liver metastases?

A

Systemic chemotherapy with potential resection

49
Q

What is the effect of aspirin on CRC prevention?

A

Reduces CRC risk by inhibiting COX-2

50
Q

What is the treatment for a patient with synchronous CRC tumors?

A

Segmental colectomy

Surgery (16 decks)

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