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Surgery > Gastric Cancer > Flashcards

Gastric Cancer Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the global ranking of gastric cancer in terms of common cancer types?
A

Gastric cancer is the 4th most common cancer type.

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2
Q
  1. What is the global ranking of gastric cancer in terms of cancer deaths?
A

Gastric cancer is the 2nd leading cause of cancer death worldwide.

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3
Q
  1. In which regions does gastric cancer remain a leading cause of cancer death?
A

In Asia and Eastern Europe.

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4
Q
  1. What is the trend in the incidence of intestinal form gastric cancer in Western industrialized countries?
A

Dramatic decrease in the incidence of the intestinal form.

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5
Q
  1. Which demographic group has a higher incidence of gastric cancer?
A

It is twice as common in blacks as in whites.

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6
Q
  1. What is the socioeconomic status correlation with gastric cancer incidence?
A

Higher incidence in groups of lower socioeconomic status.

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7
Q
  1. What are the characteristics of gastric tumors in younger patients?
A

More often diffuse

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8
Q
  1. What are some risk factors for gastric cancer?
A

Pernicious anemia

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9
Q
  1. What dietary factors decrease the risk of gastric cancer?
A

Fresh fruits

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10
Q
  1. What are the types of gastric polyps?
A

Neoplastic (adenoma) and non-neoplastic (hyperplastic

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11
Q
  1. What is the most common precursor to gastric cancer?
A

Atrophic gastritis.

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12
Q
  1. What role does H. pylori play in gastric cancer pathogenesis?
A

H. pylori is critical in the pathogenesis of atrophic gastritis.

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13
Q
  1. What is intestinal metaplasia and its relation to gastric cancer?
A

Gastric cancer often occurs in areas of intestinal metaplasia

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14
Q
  1. What is the universal precursor to gastric adenocarcinoma?
A

Dysplasia.

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15
Q
  1. What is early gastric cancer?
A

Adenocarcinoma limited to the mucosa (T1a) and submucosa (T1b) of the stomach.

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16
Q
  1. What is the cure rate for early gastric cancer?
A

The overall cure rate is 95%.

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17
Q
  1. What are the four morphologic subtypes of gastric cancer?
A

Polypoid

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18
Q
  1. What are the histologic classifications of gastric cancer?
A

Intestinal type (53%)

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19
Q
  1. What are common symptoms of gastric cancer?
A

Weight loss

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20
Q
  1. What are some physical examination findings in gastric cancer?
A

Signs of weight loss

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21
Q
  1. What is the gold standard for diagnosing gastric cancer?
A

Endoscopy with visualization of the tumor and biopsy.

22
Q
  1. What is the sensitivity of double-contrast barium study for gastric tumors?
A

75% sensitive.

23
Q
  1. What is the best way to locally stage gastric cancer?
A

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS).

24
Q
  1. What is the accuracy range of EUS for T staging?
A

57% to 88%.

25
Q
  1. What is the accuracy range of EUS for N staging?
A

30% to 90%.

26
Q
  1. What is the role of computed tomography in gastric cancer staging?
A

Preoperative staging for metastatic disease

27
Q
  1. What is the role of positron emission tomography (PET) in gastric cancer?
A

Evaluation of distant metastasis and monitoring response to neoadjuvant therapy.

28
Q
  1. What is the sensitivity of staging laparoscopy for peritoneal metastases?
A

Greater than 95%.

29
Q
  1. What is the goal of curative surgical treatment for gastric cancer?
A

Resection of all tumor (R0 resection) with grossly negative margins of at least 5 cm and adequate lymphadenectomy (>15 lymph nodes).

30
Q
  1. What is the management for early gastric cancer (Stage I)?
A

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)

31
Q
  1. What is the surgical approach for mid- and distal gastric cancers?
A

Radical subtotal gastrectomy.

32
Q
  1. What is the surgical approach for proximal gastric cancer?
A

Total gastrectomy.

33
Q
  1. What are gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)?
A

Tumors arising from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC)

34
Q
  1. Where do most GISTs occur?
A

2/3 of all GISTs occur in the stomach.

35
Q
  1. What are the common symptoms of GISTs?
A

Nonspecific symptoms like early satiety

36
Q
  1. What is the mainstay of treatment for GISTs?
A

Surgical resection

37
Q
  1. What percentage of gastric malignancies are gastric lymphomas?
38
Q
  1. What is the most common type of gastric lymphoma?
A

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (over 95%).

39
Q
  1. What are the symptoms of gastric lymphoma?
A

Vague symptoms like epigastric pain

40
Q
  1. What diagnostic tests are used for gastric lymphoma?
A

Endoscopy with biopsy

41
Q
  1. What is the role of H. pylori testing in gastric lymphoma?
A

H. pylori is often associated with gastric lymphoma

42
Q
  1. What is the treatment for gastric lymphoma?
A

Treatment depends on the stage and type

43
Q
  1. What is the role of chemotherapy in gastric cancer treatment?
A

Chemotherapy is used as adjuvant therapy or in combination with radiation for loco-regional gastric cancer.

44
Q
  1. What is the role of radiation therapy in gastric cancer treatment?
A

Radiation therapy is often used in combination with chemotherapy for loco-regional gastric cancer.

45
Q
  1. What is the significance of HER2 protein in gastric cancer?
A

HER2 protein overexpression is seen in some gastric cancers and can be targeted with specific therapies.

46
Q
  1. What is the role of peritoneal cytology in gastric cancer staging?
A

Peritoneal cytology helps detect microscopic peritoneal metastases

47
Q
  1. What is the Ming classification of gastric cancer?
A

Expanding (67%) and infiltrative (33%) types.

48
Q
  1. What is the Japanese classification of gastric cancer?
A

A histologic classification system used for gastric cancer.

49
Q
  1. What is the Lauren classification of gastric cancer?
A

Intestinal type (53%)

50
Q
  1. What is the role of PET/CT in gastric cancer staging?
A

PET/CT is useful for evaluating distant metastasis and monitoring response to neoadjuvant therapy.

Surgery (16 decks)

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