Gastric Cancer Flashcards
1
Q
- What is the global ranking of gastric cancer in terms of common cancer types?
A
Gastric cancer is the 4th most common cancer type.
2
Q
- What is the global ranking of gastric cancer in terms of cancer deaths?
A
Gastric cancer is the 2nd leading cause of cancer death worldwide.
3
Q
- In which regions does gastric cancer remain a leading cause of cancer death?
A
In Asia and Eastern Europe.
4
Q
- What is the trend in the incidence of intestinal form gastric cancer in Western industrialized countries?
A
Dramatic decrease in the incidence of the intestinal form.
5
Q
- Which demographic group has a higher incidence of gastric cancer?
A
It is twice as common in blacks as in whites.
6
Q
- What is the socioeconomic status correlation with gastric cancer incidence?
A
Higher incidence in groups of lower socioeconomic status.
7
Q
- What are the characteristics of gastric tumors in younger patients?
A
More often diffuse
8
Q
- What are some risk factors for gastric cancer?
A
Pernicious anemia
9
Q
- What dietary factors decrease the risk of gastric cancer?
A
Fresh fruits
10
Q
- What are the types of gastric polyps?
A
Neoplastic (adenoma) and non-neoplastic (hyperplastic
11
Q
- What is the most common precursor to gastric cancer?
A
Atrophic gastritis.
12
Q
- What role does H. pylori play in gastric cancer pathogenesis?
A
H. pylori is critical in the pathogenesis of atrophic gastritis.
13
Q
- What is intestinal metaplasia and its relation to gastric cancer?
A
Gastric cancer often occurs in areas of intestinal metaplasia
14
Q
- What is the universal precursor to gastric adenocarcinoma?
A
Dysplasia.
15
Q
- What is early gastric cancer?
A
Adenocarcinoma limited to the mucosa (T1a) and submucosa (T1b) of the stomach.
16
Q
- What is the cure rate for early gastric cancer?
A
The overall cure rate is 95%.
17
Q
- What are the four morphologic subtypes of gastric cancer?
A
Polypoid
18
Q
- What are the histologic classifications of gastric cancer?
A
Intestinal type (53%)
19
Q
- What are common symptoms of gastric cancer?
A
Weight loss
20
Q
- What are some physical examination findings in gastric cancer?
A
Signs of weight loss
21
Q
- What is the gold standard for diagnosing gastric cancer?
A
Endoscopy with visualization of the tumor and biopsy.
22
Q
- What is the sensitivity of double-contrast barium study for gastric tumors?
A
75% sensitive.
23
Q
- What is the best way to locally stage gastric cancer?
A
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS).
24
Q
- What is the accuracy range of EUS for T staging?
A
57% to 88%.
25
25. What is the accuracy range of EUS for N staging?
30% to 90%.
26
26. What is the role of computed tomography in gastric cancer staging?
Preoperative staging for metastatic disease
27
27. What is the role of positron emission tomography (PET) in gastric cancer?
Evaluation of distant metastasis and monitoring response to neoadjuvant therapy.
28
28. What is the sensitivity of staging laparoscopy for peritoneal metastases?
Greater than 95%.
29
29. What is the goal of curative surgical treatment for gastric cancer?
Resection of all tumor (R0 resection) with grossly negative margins of at least 5 cm and adequate lymphadenectomy (>15 lymph nodes).
30
30. What is the management for early gastric cancer (Stage I)?
Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)
31
31. What is the surgical approach for mid- and distal gastric cancers?
Radical subtotal gastrectomy.
32
32. What is the surgical approach for proximal gastric cancer?
Total gastrectomy.
33
33. What are gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)?
Tumors arising from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC)
34
34. Where do most GISTs occur?
2/3 of all GISTs occur in the stomach.
35
35. What are the common symptoms of GISTs?
Nonspecific symptoms like early satiety
36
36. What is the mainstay of treatment for GISTs?
Surgical resection
37
37. What percentage of gastric malignancies are gastric lymphomas?
About 4%.
38
38. What is the most common type of gastric lymphoma?
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (over 95%).
39
39. What are the symptoms of gastric lymphoma?
Vague symptoms like epigastric pain
40
40. What diagnostic tests are used for gastric lymphoma?
Endoscopy with biopsy
41
41. What is the role of H. pylori testing in gastric lymphoma?
H. pylori is often associated with gastric lymphoma
42
42. What is the treatment for gastric lymphoma?
Treatment depends on the stage and type
43
43. What is the role of chemotherapy in gastric cancer treatment?
Chemotherapy is used as adjuvant therapy or in combination with radiation for loco-regional gastric cancer.
44
44. What is the role of radiation therapy in gastric cancer treatment?
Radiation therapy is often used in combination with chemotherapy for loco-regional gastric cancer.
45
45. What is the significance of HER2 protein in gastric cancer?
HER2 protein overexpression is seen in some gastric cancers and can be targeted with specific therapies.
46
46. What is the role of peritoneal cytology in gastric cancer staging?
Peritoneal cytology helps detect microscopic peritoneal metastases
47
47. What is the Ming classification of gastric cancer?
Expanding (67%) and infiltrative (33%) types.
48
48. What is the Japanese classification of gastric cancer?
A histologic classification system used for gastric cancer.
49
49. What is the Lauren classification of gastric cancer?
Intestinal type (53%)
50
50. What is the role of PET/CT in gastric cancer staging?
PET/CT is useful for evaluating distant metastasis and monitoring response to neoadjuvant therapy.
