Fluid And El Flashcards
Q: What is the primary goal of maintenance fluid therapy?
A: Provide daily fluid and electrolyte requirements for normal metabolism and growth.
Q: What is the typical maintenance fluid requirement for a term infant on day 1?
A: 60-70 mL/kg.
Q: What is the typical maintenance fluid requirement for a preterm infant on day 1?
A: 70-80 mL/kg.
Q: What is the recommended fluid of choice for a euvolemic child who is NPO?
A: D5 1/2NS + 20 mEq/L KCl.
Q: What is the typical replacement fluid for third space losses in abdominal surgery?
A: 6-10 mL/kg/hr.
Q: What is the first step in managing dehydration?
A: Assess the degree of dehydration.
Q: What is the typical oral rehydration solution for mild to moderate dehydration?
A: 45-75 mEq/L of Na+
Q: What is the typical IV fluid bolus for severe dehydration?
A: 20 mL/kg of isotonic fluid.
Q: What is the typical correction rate for hypernatremic dehydration?
A: 50% of the deficit over 12-24 hours.
Q: What is the typical correction rate for hyponatremic dehydration?
A: 50% of the deficit over 8 hours.
Q: What is the typical management for hyperkalemia with ECG changes?
A: 10% calcium gluconate and insulin-glucose infusion.
Q: What is the typical management for hypokalemia?
A: Oral or IV potassium replacement.
Q: What is the typical management for hypocalcemia?
A: IV calcium gluconate or calcium chloride.
Q: What is the typical management for hypercalcemia?
A: Hydration with NS and loop diuretics.
Q: What is the typical management for hypomagnesemia?
A: IV or IM magnesium sulfate.
Q: What is the typical maintenance fluid requirement for a term infant by day 3?
A: 100-120 mL/kg.
Q: What is the typical maintenance fluid requirement for a preterm infant by day 3?
A: 150 mL/kg.
Q: What is the typical glucose concentration in maintenance fluids?
A: 5% dextrose.
Q: What is the typical sodium requirement in maintenance fluids?
A: 3 mEq/kg/day.
Q: What is the typical potassium requirement in maintenance fluids?
A: 2 mEq/kg/day.
Q: What is the typical replacement fluid for GI losses?
A: Solution with similar electrolyte concentration.
Q: What is the typical replacement fluid for surgical drain losses?
A: Solution with similar electrolyte concentration.
Q: What is the typical replacement fluid for third space losses in extremity surgery?
A: 1-2 mL/kg/hr.
Q: What is the typical replacement fluid for third space losses in minor surgeries?
A: 3-5 mL/kg/hr.
Q: What is the typical replacement fluid for third space losses in thoracic surgeries?
A: 6-10 mL/kg/hr.
Q: What is the typical management for isonatremic dehydration?
A: D5 1/2 NS over 24 hours.
Q: What is the typical management for hyponatremic dehydration?
A: D5 NS over 24 hours.
Q: What is the typical management for hypernatremic dehydration?
A: D5 1/2 NS over 48 hours.
Q: What is the typical management for mild hypokalemia?
A: Oral potassium 1-2 mEq/kg every few hours.
Q: What is the typical management for severe hypokalemia?
A: IV KCl 0.5-1 mEq/kg over 1-4 hours.
Q: What is the typical management for acute hypocalcemia?
A: IV calcium gluconate or calcium chloride.
Q: What is the typical management for chronic hypocalcemia?
A: Dietary calcium and vitamin D supplementation.
Q: What is the typical management for hypercalcemia?
A: Hydration with NS and loop diuretics.
Q: What is the typical management for hypomagnesemia?
A: IV or IM magnesium sulfate.
Q: What is the typical management for hypermagnesemia?
A: Respiratory support.
Q: What is the typical management for perioperative fluid management?
A: MF + preoperative FD + third space losses + EBL.
Q: What is the typical management for intraoperative fluid management?
A: Isotonic fluids with 5% glucose for infants.
Q: What is the typical management for postoperative fluid management?
A: MF + preoperative or intraoperative FD + ongoing losses.
Q: What is the typical management for fluid therapy in neonates?
A: 10% dextrose water for up to 48 hours.
Q: What is the typical management for fluid therapy in surgical patients?
A: Isotonic fluids intraoperatively and 6-8 hours postoperatively.
Q: What is the typical management for fluid therapy in dehydration?
A: Rapid expansion of IV volume and replenish deficits.
Q: What is the typical management for fluid therapy in hypernatremic dehydration?
A: D5 1/2 NS over 48 hours.
Q: What is the typical management for fluid therapy in hyponatremic dehydration?
A: D5 NS over 24 hours.
Q: What is the typical management for fluid therapy in isonatremic dehydration?
A: D5 1/2 NS over 24 hours.
Q: What is the typical management for fluid therapy in severe dehydration?
A: 20 mL/kg bolus of isotonic fluid.
Q: What is the typical management for fluid therapy in mild to moderate dehydration?
A: Oral rehydration solution.
Q: What is the typical management for fluid therapy in hyperkalemia?
A: Calcium gluconate
Q: What is the typical management for fluid therapy in hypokalemia?
A: Oral or IV potassium replacement.
Q: What is the typical management for fluid therapy in hypocalcemia?
A: IV calcium gluconate or calcium chloride.
Q: What is the typical management for fluid therapy in hypercalcemia?
A: Hydration with NS and loop diuretics.
Q: What is the typical management for fluid therapy in hypomagnesemia?
A: IV or IM magnesium sulfate.
Q: What is the typical management for fluid therapy in hypermagnesemia?
A: Respiratory support.
Q: What is the typical management for fluid therapy in perioperative patients?
A: MF + preoperative FD + third space losses + EBL.
Q: What is the typical management for fluid therapy in intraoperative patients?
A: Isot
