Püd Flashcards
1
Q
- What is the most proximal abdominal organ of the digestive tract?
A
The stomach.
2
Q
- What are the gross anatomic parts of the stomach?
A
Fundus
3
Q
- What are the main arterial supplies to the stomach?
A
Left gastric artery
4
Q
- What are the main venous drainages of the stomach?
A
Left gastric vein
5
Q
- What is the role of the vagus nerve in stomach innervation?
A
It affects secretion
6
Q
- What are the four layers of the gastric wall?
A
Mucosa
7
Q
- What are the main functions of the stomach?
A
Stores food
8
Q
- What is peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?
A
Focal defects in the gastric or duodenal mucosa that extend into the submucosa or deeper.
9
Q
- What causes peptic ulcers?
A
An imbalance between mucosal defenses and acid/peptic injury.
10
Q
- What are the main etiologies of peptic ulcer disease?
A
H. pylori infection
11
Q
- What is the final common pathway to ulcer formation?
A
Acid-peptic injury of the gastroduodenal mucosal barrier.
12
Q
- What percentage of peptic ulcers are duodenal ulcers?
A
Two-thirds of all peptic ulcers.
13
Q
- Where are most duodenal ulcers located?
A
Within the first portion of the duodenum.
14
Q
- What is the typical size of duodenal ulcers?
A
Most are less than 1 cm in diameter.
15
Q
- What is the gender prevalence of duodenal ulcers?
A
Twice as common in men compared to women.
16
Q
- What is the relationship between gastric ulcers and cancer?
A
Gastric ulcers are strongly related to cancer
17
Q
- What is the typical pain pattern for gastric ulcers?
A
Pain more commonly occurs with eating.
18
Q
- What is the most common type of gastric ulcer?
A
Johnson type I
19
Q
- What is the acid secretion pattern in Johnson type I gastric ulcers?
A
Normal or decreased acid secretion.
20
Q
- What is Johnson type II gastric ulcer associated with?
A
Active or quiescent duodenal ulcer disease and excess acid secretion.
21
Q
- What is Johnson type III gastric ulcer?
A
Prepyloric ulcers
22
Q
- Where do Johnson type IV gastric ulcers occur?
A
Near the gastroesophageal (GE) junction.
23
Q
- What is the acid secretion pattern in Johnson type IV gastric ulcers?
A
Normal or below normal.
24
Q
- What are Johnson type V gastric ulcers associated with?
A
Long-term NSAID use.
25
25. What are the common clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer disease?
Abdominal pain (burning
26
26. What are the common complications of peptic ulcer disease?
Bleeding
27
27. What is the most common complication of peptic ulcer disease?
Bleeding peptic ulcer.
28
28. What are the typical presentations of a bleeding peptic ulcer?
Melena
29
29. What is the first step in managing a bleeding peptic ulcer?
Secure IV line and resuscitate the patient.
30
30. What is the role of endoscopy in managing bleeding peptic ulcers?
Injection with epinephrine
31
31. What is the typical presentation of a perforated peptic ulcer?
Acute abdomen with severe
32
32. What are the stages of perforation in peptic ulcer disease?
Stage of chemical peritonitis
33
33. What diagnostic tests are used for perforated peptic ulcers?
CBC
34
34. What is the treatment for perforated peptic ulcers?
Secure IV line
35
35. What percentage of patients with PUD develop gastric outlet obstruction?
0.05
36
36. What are the typical symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction?
Pain
37
37. What is the treatment for gastric outlet obstruction?
Nasogastric suction
38
38. What is intractable or nonhealing peptic ulcer?
A peptic ulcer that does not heal despite standard treatment.
39
39. What is the role of H. pylori in peptic ulcer disease?
H. pylori is responsible for the majority of cases of PUD.
40
40. What is the role of NSAIDs in peptic ulcer disease?
NSAIDs are a major risk factor for PUD due to their effect on mucosal defenses.
41
41. What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES)?
A condition caused by gastrinoma leading to excessive acid secretion and peptic ulcers.
42
42. What is the role of serum gastrin testing in PUD?
To diagnose Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or other conditions causing hypergastrinemia.
43
43. What is the role of endoscopy in diagnosing PUD?
Endoscopy is the gold standard for visualizing ulcers and obtaining biopsies.
44
44. What is the role of H. pylori testing in PUD?
To confirm H. pylori infection
45
45. What is the role of PPI (proton pump inhibitors) in PUD treatment?
PPIs reduce acid secretion
46
46. What is the role of angiography in managing bleeding PUD?
Angiography can be used for embolization to stop bleeding in cases where endoscopy fails.
47
47. What is the role of surgery in PUD?
Surgery is used for complications like perforation
48
48. What is the typical acid secretion pattern in duodenal ulcers?
Increased acid secretion.
49
49. What is the typical acid secretion pattern in gastric ulcers?
Variable acid secretion
50
50. What is the role of histology in diagnosing PUD?
Histology helps differentiate between benign ulcers and malignant lesions
