transdermal drug delivery Flashcards
Name 5 reasons why you would use transdermal drug delivery
Avoid pre-systemic metabolism
Maintain drug level within therapeutic window for prolonged period
Reduce inter- and intra-patient variability
Improved patient compliance
Drug input terminated simply by patch removal
State 6 transdermal delivery limitations
Limited to portent drug molecules Physical chemistry-small, lipophilic and sol in water and oil Tolerance problems Area of patch <100cm2 Must not be locally irritating Expense-justification
Name some examples of transdermal products currently on the market
Scopolamine, nitroglycerin, clonidine, estradiol, fentanyl, nicotine, testosterone, combination norelgestomin-ethinyl estradiol, combination estradiol-norethisterone acetate, combination estradiol-levonorgestrel, buprenorphine, oxybutynin, methylphenidate, selegiline, rotigotine, rivastigmine, granisetron
What are the 3 types of transdermal delivery systems?
Adhesive
Layered
Reservoir
What is scopolamine used for?
Morning sickness
What is clonidine?
Potent anti-hypertensive drug
What were the two problems with transdermal delivery of clonidine?
Adhesion for 7 days
Sensitisation
What is estradiol used for?
Post-menopause hormone replacement
What is fentanyl?
Analgesic with very narrow therapeutic index
How much did fentanyl make on the US market in 2007?
> $1.2B
Rate in=?
Rate out
Area x J = ?
Cl x Css
What is buprenorphine?
Opioid drug with partial agonist and antagonist actions. Indicated to treat moderate/ severe pain, peri-operative analgesia and opioid dependence
Does buprenorphine have a long or short half life?
Long
What are the two brands of buprenorphine called?
Transtec
Bu-trans
What rates are Transtec patches available in?
25, 50 and 75 mcg/hour
What rates are Bu-trans patches available in?
5, 10 and 20 mcg/hour
What are nicotine patches used for?
Smoking cessation
what is the half life of nicotine?
2 hours
What can testosterone patches be used for?
Hypogonadism
What does the EVRA contraceptive patch contain?
Norelgestromin + ethinyl estradiol
What size is the EVRA patch?
20cm^2
What parts of the body can EVRA be applied to?
Abdomen or buttocks
What are oxybutynin patches used to treat?
Overactive bladder
