transdermal drug delivery Flashcards
Name 5 reasons why you would use transdermal drug delivery
Avoid pre-systemic metabolism
Maintain drug level within therapeutic window for prolonged period
Reduce inter- and intra-patient variability
Improved patient compliance
Drug input terminated simply by patch removal
State 6 transdermal delivery limitations
Limited to portent drug molecules Physical chemistry-small, lipophilic and sol in water and oil Tolerance problems Area of patch <100cm2 Must not be locally irritating Expense-justification
Name some examples of transdermal products currently on the market
Scopolamine, nitroglycerin, clonidine, estradiol, fentanyl, nicotine, testosterone, combination norelgestomin-ethinyl estradiol, combination estradiol-norethisterone acetate, combination estradiol-levonorgestrel, buprenorphine, oxybutynin, methylphenidate, selegiline, rotigotine, rivastigmine, granisetron
What are the 3 types of transdermal delivery systems?
Adhesive
Layered
Reservoir
What is scopolamine used for?
Morning sickness
What is clonidine?
Potent anti-hypertensive drug
What were the two problems with transdermal delivery of clonidine?
Adhesion for 7 days
Sensitisation
What is estradiol used for?
Post-menopause hormone replacement
What is fentanyl?
Analgesic with very narrow therapeutic index
How much did fentanyl make on the US market in 2007?
> $1.2B
Rate in=?
Rate out
Area x J = ?
Cl x Css
What is buprenorphine?
Opioid drug with partial agonist and antagonist actions. Indicated to treat moderate/ severe pain, peri-operative analgesia and opioid dependence
Does buprenorphine have a long or short half life?
Long
What are the two brands of buprenorphine called?
Transtec
Bu-trans
What rates are Transtec patches available in?
25, 50 and 75 mcg/hour
What rates are Bu-trans patches available in?
5, 10 and 20 mcg/hour
What are nicotine patches used for?
Smoking cessation
what is the half life of nicotine?
2 hours
What can testosterone patches be used for?
Hypogonadism
What does the EVRA contraceptive patch contain?
Norelgestromin + ethinyl estradiol
What size is the EVRA patch?
20cm^2
What parts of the body can EVRA be applied to?
Abdomen or buttocks
What are oxybutynin patches used to treat?
Overactive bladder
How does oxybutynin work?
Relaxes bladder mucles to prevent urgent, frequent or uncontrolled urination
What is Daytrana (methylphenidate) used to treat?
ADHD
What is selegiline approved to treat?
Major depressive disorder
What was the first drug developed from the outset for transdermal dilvery?
Rotigotine patches
What is rotigotine used to treat?
Early stage Parkinson’s disease
What is Granisteron?
Serotonin receptor antagonist for prevention of nausea/vomiting in pts recovering from chemo for up to 5 consecutive days
