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PA30287 > Nasal & Pulmonary Delivery > Flashcards

Nasal & Pulmonary Delivery Flashcards

1
Q

What types of drugs can diffuse trough the nasal epithelium?

A

Small and lipophilic

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2
Q

What is the main function of the nasal cavity?

A

Air conditioning

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3
Q

How can drugs bind to mucus?

A

Electrostatic interactions or hydrogen bonding

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4
Q

Mucus is 90-95% what?

A

Water

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5
Q

What is the difference between liquid drops and aerosols in nasal delivery?

A

Liquid spread throughout the cavity while aerosols are distributed according to particle size

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6
Q

Drugs can be metabolised in the nasal epithelium by what?

A

Carboxyl esterases, aldehyde dehydrogenase, epoxide hydrolases and glutathione s-transferasses, aminopeptidases, proteases, cyp450 enzymes

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7
Q

Temperature and humidity affect what of the mucus?

A

The water content

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8
Q

What is the frequency of nasal cycling?

A

2-6 hours

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9
Q

What promotes nasal clearance?

A 
Common cold
Rhinitis
Asthma 
Hay fever 
B-adrenergics
Cholinergics
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10
Q

What inhibits nasal clearance?

A

Anaesthetics
Antihistamines
Propranolol
Bike salts

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11
Q

What is the nasal area where BBB is not present called?

A

Olfactory region

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12
Q

How can drugs enter the brain nasally?

A

Paracellular diffusssion or axonal transport in olfactory region

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13
Q

What are the advantages to nasal delivery?

A

Convenient and accessible
Avoids acid environment and 1st pass
Large SA and highly vascularised
Rapid systemic delivery

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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of nasal delivery?

A

Mucus barrier
Rapid mucociliary clearance
Poor absorption of drug >50Da
Variability and adverse reactions

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15
Q

What are the 3 strategies for improving nasal delivery?

A

Alter mucus layer
Increase contact time with nasal epithelium
Penetration enhancers

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16
Q

What size particles deposit in the upper airways?

A

> 10um

17
Q

What size particles deposit in the upper TB region?

A

7-10um

18
Q

What size particles deposit in the lower TB region?

A

2-7um

19
Q

What size particles deposit in the alveolar ?

A

0.5-2um

20
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms of lung deposition?

A

Inertial impaction
Sedimentation
Brownian motion

21
Q

What is the transcellular pathway?

A

Passive diffusion of small lipophilic drugs through the epithelium down a concentration gradient

22
Q

What is the paracellular pathway?

A

Passive diffusion of small hydrophilic drugs down a concentration gradient between the cells of the epithelium

23
Q

What are the advantages to pulmonary drug delivery ?

A 
Rapid onset of action 
Large SA
High blood flow
High permeability 
Low metabolism 
Avoidance of 1st pass
24
Q

What are the disadvantages to pulmonary drug delivery?

A

Complex delivery devices
Reproducibility
Mucus
Clearance

PA30287 (17 decks)

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