Buccal, sublingual and vaginal drug delivery Flashcards
What pathway would small lipophilic drugs take in oral mucosa epithelia if travelling by passive diffusion?
Transcellular pathway
Which pathway do drugs take in the oral mucosa epithelia if they are small and hydrophilic?
Paracellular pathway
how much saliva is produced per day on average?
0.5-2 litres
What enzymes are found in the saliva?
Esterase, carbohydrase, lipase and phosphatase
What components make up oral transmucosal insulin delivery?
Insulin Surfactant Solubiliser Micelle-creating agent Emulsifying agents
What are the benefits of oral transmucosal insulin delivery?
Needle free and pain free No lung deposition Established safety profile Precise dose control Easy self-administration Convenient to carry and handle
What are the advantages of oral transmucosal drug delivery?
Access and ease Relatively large SA Rich blood supply Low metabolism Avoidance of 1st-pass Low variability Prolonged contact Alternative to oral delivery
What are the disadvantages of oral transmucosal drug delivery?
High MW drugs must be potent Adverse reactions Saliva & mucus Acceptance Development cost
What happens in the follicular phase of vaginal wall cycle?
Estrogens stimulates mitosis in basal and parabasal layer.
No. cell layers increases, increased junctions, pores narrow.
Thick, tight, cohesive.
What happens in the luteal phase of vaginal wall cycle?
Desquamation (shedding) of superficial layer.
Epithelium loses its tight structure,
Thin, loose, porous
What is the normal pH of the vaginal fluids?
4.0-5.0
What are the advantages to vaginal drug absorption?
Reasonable surface area Good blood supply Good absorption Avoidance of 1st pass Low metabolic activity Retention Controlled release Administration
What are the disadvantages to vaginal drug absorption?
High MW drugs must be potent Possible irritation Sterility Hormonal fluctuations Leakage Life-cycle changes N/A to men
