Transcription Flashcards
Describe RNA folding into complex 3D shapes
What is RNA polymerase
What are the stages of transcription
What are promoters
Differentiate prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic transcription
prokaryotes:
-No nuclei
-No physical separation of DNA, RNA or ribosomes
-mRNA translated while transciption in progress
-Operons: cluster of genes transcribed together into single mRNA molecule
What are the typical bacterial promoters and their functions in prokaryotic transcription
Recognized by RNA polymerase holoenzyme (sigma factor)
-10:
-TATAAT
-Helps unwind DNA to form open complex
-A-T sequence makes DNA melting easier for RNA polymerase to begin transcription
-Initial binding site
-35:
-TTGACA
-Recognized by sigma factor
-Aids RNA positioning on promoter
-Strengthens promoter binding
Describe elongation and termination in prokaryotic transcription
What are the 3 types of RNA polymerase in eukaryotic transcription
Explain initiation of transcription from a eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoter
bottom bracket is PIC
What constitutes the Preinitiation Complex (PIC)
RNA polymerase II
General transcription factors (GTFs)
Describe promotors in mRNA transcription
What are the roles of the General Transcription Factors
Where are eukaryotic mRNAs processed
Explain post-transcriptional RNA processing in eukaryotes
What is the structure of mRNAs
What are the roles of transcription facrtors in regulating gene expression
-Extent of transcription of given gene depends on combination of TFs bound to upstream regulator elements
-Combinations of TFs can differ in cells of different type, tissue, developmental stage and physiological state
-5-10% of genes encode TFs (infinite number of possible combinations of interactions)
-Combinatorial control of transcription: OCT4
Describe the structure of transcriptional factors
