Cell signalling

Question 1

What are the types of signaling

Answer 1

Question 2

What are the basic elements of cell signaling systems

Answer 2

Question 3

What are important features of cell signaling systems

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the messenger systems of signal transduction

Answer 4

Question 5

What is the time scale of cellular response to signals

Answer 5

Question 6

Describe signal transduction

Answer 6

Question 7

Describe protein phosphorylation

Answer 7

Question 8

What are the types of extracellular messengers

Answer 8

Question 9

What are the receptor types

Answer 9

Question 10

What are G proteins and G-Protein-Coupled receptors (GPCRs)

Answer 10

Question 11

Describe the activation of G protein subunits

Answer 11

Question 12

Explain desensitization, internalization and resensitization of GPCRs

Answer 12

Question 13

What are the types of second messengers

Answer 13

Question 14

Describe signal transduction by GPCRs

Answer 14

Question 15

Describe cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling

Answer 15

Question 16

What are the phosphatidylinositol-derived second messengers

Answer 16

Question 17

Describe the GPCR effector pathways

Answer 17

Question 18

What are enzyme-coupled receptors

Answer 18

 Intrinsic enzyme activity or associated with an intracellular enzyme
 Single transmembrane domain ( helix)
 Transduce extracellular signal through dimerization (as opposed to
transformation through conformational change in GPCRs)

Question 19

Describe receptor dimerization of RTKs

Answer 19

Question 20

What are RTKs

Answer 20

Question 21

Explain RTK activation of monomeric GTPase Ras

Answer 21

Question 22

Explain how RTKs activate PI-3-kinase-Akt signaling pathways

Answer 22

Question 23

How does activation of Akt promote cell survival

Answer 23

Question 24

summarize the intracellular signaling pathways

Answer 24