Mitochondria and aerobic respiration Flashcards
What is anaerobic and aerobic respiration in mitochondria
Describe mitochondrial structure
-Different overall structure depending on cell
-Typically bean shaped organelles but can be round or threadlike
-Size/number of mitochondria reflect energy requirements of the cell
What are the 5 roles of mitochondria in cells
Describe mitochondrial genetic organization
Briefly describe cellular respiration
What is the structure and function of ATP
What are electron carriers?
Explain glycolysis
Describe the product of pyruvate in aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Explain the citric acid cycle (krebs cycle)
-products contain high energy electrons
-Critically important metabolic pathway
-Other catabolic pathways generate compounds that are fed into TCA cycle
-Fatty acid cycle and catabolism of amino acids
What is the function of the glycerol phosphate shuttle?
Cytosolic NADH from glycolysis
What is oxidative phosphorylation/chemiosmosis
Describe oxidation reduction potentials
What is the electron transport chain
What are the types of electron carriers?
- Flavoproteins: polypeptides bound to
-Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
-Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
Major flavoproteins of the mitochondria:
-NADH dehydrogenase (electron-transport chain)
-Succinate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle)
- Cytochromes: heme groups with Fe or Cu metal ions
-Reversible transition between the Fe3+ (acceptance of e-) and Fe2+ (loss of e-)
-Three types in electron transport chain (a, b and c) - Copper atoms: three located within single protein complex and alternate between Cu2+/Cu3+
- Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q): lipid-soluble molecule made of five-carbon isoprenoid units
- Iron-sulfur proteins:
-Fe atoms linked to inorganic sulfide ions as part of an iron-sulfur center
-not located within a heme group
-Carriers arranged in order of increasingly positive redox potential
-e- lose energy along the chain
-Each carrier is reduced by the preceding carrier then oxidized by carrier following it
-final electron acceptor is O2 (reduced to H2O)
What are electron transport complexes?
Describe complex 1 (NADH dehydrogenase)
Describe complex 2 (succinate dehydrogenase)
Describe complex 3 (cytochrome bc1)
Describe complex 4 (cytochrome oxidase)
What is proton-motive force
describe the structure of ATP synthase
What is the function of the proton-motive force in aerobic respiration
What is mitochondrial fusion and fission?
