Tracheobrochial Tree & Lungs (Exam 1)

Question 1

The trachea is C shaped rings of _________ cartilage

Test q

Answer 1

Hyaline

Question 2

The trachea descends from the….

Test q

Answer 2

Larynx

Question 3

The trachea enters the ___________ mediastinum

Test q

Answer 3

Superior

Question 4

The trachea has a flat posterior surface in contact with the….

Test q

Answer 4

Esophagus

Question 5

Where does the trachea end?

Test q

Answer 5

Ends as the carina at the sternal angle (superior to heart)

Question 6

The trachea divides into R and L _____________

Test q

Answer 6

Primary/main bronchi

Question 7

Where do the main/primary bronchi go?

Test q

Answer 7

R bronchi goes to R lung, and L bronchi goes to L lung

Question 8

The secondary/lobar bronchi go to lobes of each lung. How many go to right? How many to left?

Test q

Answer 8

3 to right lobe, 2 to left lobe

Question 9

Segmental/tertiary bronchi are segments of the lung. How many go to right and left lobe?

Test q

Answer 9

10 in each one

Question 10

____________________ segments are segments of lungs that receive segmental/tertiary bronchi

Test q

Answer 10

Bronchopulmonary

Question 11

What are the bronchioles called that are the 4, 5, 6th degree branching off of bronchopulmonary segments?

Test q

Answer 11

Subsegmental/conducting bronchioles

Question 12

What are the last bronchioles of the lungs called?

Test q

Answer 12

Terminal bronchioles

Question 13

What are the 4 respiratory functions of bronchi and bronchioles?

Test q

Answer 13

1) respiratory bronchioles
2) alveolar ducts
3) alveolar sacs (common space into which alveoli open)
4) pulmonary alveoli (structural unit of gas exchange)

Question 14

What is the common space into which alveoli open called?

Answer 14

Alveolar sacs

Question 15

What is the structural unit of gas exchange?

Answer 15

Pulmonary alveoli

Question 16

T/F: bronchi have cartilage in their walls, bronchioles do not have cartilage in the walls

Test q

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 17

3- superior, middle, inferior

Question 18

How many fissures does the right lung have?

Answer 18

2- horizontal and oblique fissure

Question 19

What is found at the grooves of the right lung?

Answer 19

Venous structures
-brachiocephalic v.
-SVC
-azygous v.

and the esophagus

Question 20

What are the hilum contents of the lungs?

Test q

Answer 20

-pulmonary arteries (blue)
-superior and inferior pulmonary veins (red)
-bronchi

Question 21

What ligament is found within the lungs?

Test q

Answer 21

Pulmonary ligament (it’s a fused triangular shaped sheet of parietal and visceral pleura that extends from the hilum to the dome of the diaphragm)

Question 22

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 22

2- superior and inferior

Question 23

How many fissures does the left lung have?

Answer 23

1- oblique fissure

Question 24

What is found within the grooves of the left lung?

Answer 24

Arterial structures:
-subclavian a.
-aorta

And the esophagus

Question 25

What is the pleural sac? Test q

Answer 25

Serous membranes which invest and enclose lungs in parietal cavities

Question 26

Which pleural invests lung surfaces? Test q

Answer 26

Visceral pleura

Question 27

Which pleura lines walls of the pleural cavity? Test q

Answer 27

Parietal pleura

Question 28

What are the 4 divisions of the parietal pleura?

Answer 28

1) cervical 2) costal 3) mediastinal 4) diaphragmatic

Question 29

Which parietal pleura is found at the apex of the lungs?

Answer 29

cervical

Question 30

Which parietal pleura is found in the internal surface of the thoracic wall?

Answer 30

costal

Question 31

Which parietal pleura is found on the lateral aspect of the mediastinum?

Answer 31

mediastinal

Question 32

Which parietal pleura is found at the diaphragm?

Answer 32

diaphragmatic

Question 33

Lungs are visceral organs, so they are innervated by the.....

Answer 33

autonomic visceral NS

Question 34

What is the sympathetic innervation of the lungs? Test q

Answer 34

-C7/C8 (inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia) -T1-T4 sympathetic chain ganglia

Question 35

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the lungs? Test q

Answer 35

CN X (vagus n.)

Question 36

How does the sympathetic NS affect the lungs?

Answer 36

-bronchodilation -vasoconstriction of pulmonary vessels -inhibit type 2 secretory alveolar cells

Question 37

How does the parasympathetic NS affect the lungs?

Answer 37

-bronchoconstriction -vasodilation of pulmonary vessels -stimulate type 2 secretory alveolar cells

Question 38

What is the function of type 2 alveolar cells?

Answer 38

secrete surfactant which reduces surface tension of fluid air interface preventing collapse of alveoli

Question 39

What color are the bronchial arteries? Test q

Answer 39

Red

Question 40

Which arteries supply lung tissue with oxygenated blood? Test q

Answer 40

Bronchial arteries

Question 41

Which arteries are branches of thoracic aorta?

Answer 41

Bronchial arteries

Question 42

Sometimes the R bronchial a. is a branch of the….

Answer 42

R 3rd intercostal a.

Question 43

What color are the pulmonary arteries? Test q

Answer 43

Blue

Question 44

Which arteries take deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated? Test q

Answer 44

Pulmonary arteries

Question 45

Which arteries stem from the R ventricle pulmonary trunk? Test q

Answer 45

Pulmonary arteries

Question 46

What color are bronchial veins? Test q

Answer 46

Blue

Question 47

Which veins drain lung tissue of deoxygenated blood? Test q

Answer 47

Bronchial veins

Question 48

R bronchial veins drain to the….

Answer 48

Azygous v.

Question 49

The L bronchial v. drains into the….

Answer 49

L superior intercostal v. OR accessory hemiazygous v.

Question 50

What color are pulmonary veins? Test q

Answer 50

Red

Question 51

Which veins take oxygenated blood from lungs? Test q

Answer 51

Pulmonary veins

Question 52

The pulmonary veins go to the ____ atrium

Answer 52

L

Question 53

How many pulmonary veins are there?

Answer 53

2 per lung

Question 54

What is the pulmonary circulation pathway? test q

Answer 54

oxygen deficient blood in the R atrium of heart > R ventricle> pulmonary trunk> pulmonary arteries (1 per lung)> enters hilum of lung> courses with bronchial tree becoming progressively smaller till the pulmonary capillaries (arterial side) > alveoli gas exchange

Question 55

What is the alveoli gas exchange pathway? test q

Answer 55

oxygen rich blood in pulmonary capillaries (venous side)> courses with bronchial tree becoming progressively larger till the hilum of the lung/ exits> pulmonary veins (2 per lung on R and L)> systemic circulation

Question 56

What is the systemic circulation pathway? test q

Answer 56

oxygen rich blood in L atrium of heart> L ventricle> aortic trunk> arteries become progressively smaller> systemic capillaries (arterial side)> all body cells gas exchange

Question 57

What is the all body cells gas exchange pathway? test q

Answer 57

oxygen deficient blood in systemic capillaries (venous side)> systemic veins (become progressively larger)> coronary sinus (heart), SVC (upper body), IVC (lower body> R atrium > pulmonary circulation> alveoli gas exchange> systemic circulation> all body gas exchange> repeat

Question 58

What are the 4 processes of respiration?

Answer 58

1) pulmonary respiration (air in and out of lungs) 2) external respiration (gas exchange between lungs and blood) 3) transport of respiratory gases (transport of gases between lungs and cells) 4) internal respiration (gas exchange between blood and cells)

Question 59

What is the carina? Test q

Answer 59

Ridge of cartilage in the trachea that occurs between the division of the 2 main bronchi at the transverse thoracic plane line

Question 60

What impressions do the right and left lung have? Test q

Answer 60

Right lung is mostly venous Left lung is mostly arterial Both have esophageal impressions