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TAPP > Tracheobrochial Tree & Lungs (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Tracheobrochial Tree & Lungs (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

The trachea is C shaped rings of _________ cartilage

Test q

A

Hyaline

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2
Q

The trachea descends from the….

Test q

A

Larynx

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3
Q

The trachea enters the ___________ mediastinum

Test q

A

Superior

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4
Q

The trachea has a flat posterior surface in contact with the….

Test q

A

Esophagus

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5
Q

Where does the trachea end?

Test q

A

Ends as the carina at the sternal angle (superior to heart)

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6
Q

The trachea divides into R and L _____________

Test q

A

Primary/main bronchi

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7
Q

Where do the main/primary bronchi go?

Test q

A

R bronchi goes to R lung, and L bronchi goes to L lung

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8
Q

The secondary/lobar bronchi go to lobes of each lung. How many go to right? How many to left?

Test q

A

3 to right lobe, 2 to left lobe

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9
Q

Segmental/tertiary bronchi are segments of the lung. How many go to right and left lobe?

Test q

A

10 in each one

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10
Q

____________________ segments are segments of lungs that receive segmental/tertiary bronchi

Test q

A

Bronchopulmonary

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11
Q

What are the bronchioles called that are the 4, 5, 6th degree branching off of bronchopulmonary segments?

Test q

A

Subsegmental/conducting bronchioles

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12
Q

What are the last bronchioles of the lungs called?

Test q

A

Terminal bronchioles

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13
Q

What are the 4 respiratory functions of bronchi and bronchioles?

Test q

A

1) respiratory bronchioles
2) alveolar ducts
3) alveolar sacs (common space into which alveoli open)
4) pulmonary alveoli (structural unit of gas exchange)

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14
Q

What is the common space into which alveoli open called?

A

Alveolar sacs

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15
Q

What is the structural unit of gas exchange?

A

Pulmonary alveoli

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16
Q

T/F: bronchi have cartilage in their walls, bronchioles do not have cartilage in the walls

Test q

A

TRUE

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17
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3- superior, middle, inferior

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18
Q

How many fissures does the right lung have?

A

2- horizontal and oblique fissure

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19
Q

What is found at the grooves of the right lung?

A

Venous structures
-brachiocephalic v.
-SVC
-azygous v.

and the esophagus

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20
Q

What are the hilum contents of the lungs?

Test q

A

-pulmonary arteries (blue)
-superior and inferior pulmonary veins (red)
-bronchi

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21
Q

What ligament is found within the lungs?

Test q

A

Pulmonary ligament (it’s a fused triangular shaped sheet of parietal and visceral pleura that extends from the hilum to the dome of the diaphragm)

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22
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2- superior and inferior

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23
Q

How many fissures does the left lung have?

A

1- oblique fissure

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24
Q

What is found within the grooves of the left lung?

A

Arterial structures:
-subclavian a.
-aorta

And the esophagus

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25
Q

What is the pleural sac?

Test q

A

Serous membranes which invest and enclose lungs in parietal cavities

26
Q

Which pleural invests lung surfaces?

Test q

A

Visceral pleura

27
Q

Which pleura lines walls of the pleural cavity?

Test q

A

Parietal pleura

28
Q

What are the 4 divisions of the parietal pleura?

A

1) cervical
2) costal
3) mediastinal
4) diaphragmatic

29
Q

Which parietal pleura is found at the apex of the lungs?

A

cervical

30
Q

Which parietal pleura is found in the internal surface of the thoracic wall?

A

costal

31
Q

Which parietal pleura is found on the lateral aspect of the mediastinum?

A

mediastinal

32
Q

Which parietal pleura is found at the diaphragm?

A

diaphragmatic

33
Q

Lungs are visceral organs, so they are innervated by the…..

A

autonomic visceral NS

34
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the lungs?

Test q

A

-C7/C8 (inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia)
-T1-T4 sympathetic chain ganglia

35
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the lungs?

Test q

A

CN X (vagus n.)

36
Q

How does the sympathetic NS affect the lungs?

A

-bronchodilation
-vasoconstriction of pulmonary vessels
-inhibit type 2 secretory alveolar cells

37
Q

How does the parasympathetic NS affect the lungs?

A

-bronchoconstriction
-vasodilation of pulmonary vessels
-stimulate type 2 secretory alveolar cells

38
Q

What is the function of type 2 alveolar cells?

A

secrete surfactant which reduces surface tension of fluid air interface preventing collapse of alveoli

39
Q

What color are the bronchial arteries?

Test q

A

Red

40
Q

Which arteries supply lung tissue with oxygenated blood?

Test q

A

Bronchial arteries

41
Q

Which arteries are branches of thoracic aorta?

A

Bronchial arteries

42
Q

Sometimes the R bronchial a. is a branch of the….

A

R 3rd intercostal a.

43
Q

What color are the pulmonary arteries?

Test q

A

Blue

44
Q

Which arteries take deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated?

Test q

A

Pulmonary arteries

45
Q

Which arteries stem from the R ventricle pulmonary trunk?

Test q

A

Pulmonary arteries

46
Q

What color are bronchial veins?

Test q

A

Blue

47
Q

Which veins drain lung tissue of deoxygenated blood?

Test q

A

Bronchial veins

48
Q

R bronchial veins drain to the….

A

Azygous v.

49
Q

The L bronchial v. drains into the….

A

L superior intercostal v. OR accessory hemiazygous v.

50
Q

What color are pulmonary veins?

Test q

A

Red

51
Q

Which veins take oxygenated blood from lungs?

Test q

A

Pulmonary veins

52
Q

The pulmonary veins go to the ____ atrium

A

L

53
Q

How many pulmonary veins are there?

A

2 per lung

54
Q

What is the pulmonary circulation pathway?

test q

A

oxygen deficient blood in the R atrium of heart > R ventricle> pulmonary trunk> pulmonary arteries (1 per lung)> enters hilum of lung> courses with bronchial tree becoming progressively smaller till the pulmonary capillaries (arterial side) > alveoli gas exchange

55
Q

What is the alveoli gas exchange pathway?

test q

A

oxygen rich blood in pulmonary capillaries (venous side)> courses with bronchial tree becoming progressively larger till the hilum of the lung/ exits> pulmonary veins (2 per lung on R and L)> systemic circulation

56
Q

What is the systemic circulation pathway?

test q

A

oxygen rich blood in L atrium of heart> L ventricle> aortic trunk> arteries become progressively smaller> systemic capillaries (arterial side)> all body cells gas exchange

57
Q

What is the all body cells gas exchange pathway?

test q

A

oxygen deficient blood in systemic capillaries (venous side)> systemic veins (become progressively larger)> coronary sinus (heart), SVC (upper body), IVC (lower body> R atrium > pulmonary circulation> alveoli gas exchange> systemic circulation> all body gas exchange> repeat

58
Q

What are the 4 processes of respiration?

A

1) pulmonary respiration (air in and out of lungs)
2) external respiration (gas exchange between lungs and blood)
3) transport of respiratory gases (transport of gases between lungs and cells)
4) internal respiration (gas exchange between blood and cells)

59
Q

What is the carina?

Test q

A

Ridge of cartilage in the trachea that occurs between the division of the 2 main bronchi at the transverse thoracic plane line

60
Q

What impressions do the right and left lung have?

Test q

A

Right lung is mostly venous

Left lung is mostly arterial

Both have esophageal impressions

TAPP (11 decks)

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