Thymus Gland (Exam 1)

Question 1

What does the lymphatic system consist of?

Answer 1

-lymphatic vessels
-immune system cells
-lymphoid tissues and organs
-immunosurveilence and defense

Question 2

What are the lymphatic vessels?

Answer 2

A) capillaries
B) collecting vessels
C) regional trunks
C1) jugular
C2) subclavian
C3) bronchi-mediastinal
C4) R/L lumbar
C5) intestinal
D) ducts
D1) R lymphatic
D2) L thoracic

Question 3

What does the R lymphatic duct drain?

Answer 3

R 1/2 of head and R side of thorax and R arm

Question 4

What does the L thoracic duct drain?

Answer 4

Everything that R lymphatic duct doesn’t drain

R lymphatic duct drains R 1/2 of head, R trunk, and R arm

Question 5

The L thoracic duct and R lymphatic duct drain into the ___________________ on that side

Answer 5

Subclavian v.

So L thoracic duct drains into L subclavian and R lymphatic duct drains into R subclavian v.

Question 6

The thymus gland is a lymphatic organ that is located deep to the sternum and undergoes ______________.

Test q

Answer 6

involution

Question 7

Thymocytes migrate here to become mature T cells

Test q

Answer 7

Thymus gland

Question 8

The thymus gland secretes…..

Test q

Answer 8

Thymic hormones

Question 9

What are thymocytes?

Answer 9

-T cell precursors derived from hematopoietic stem cells in BM
-thymocytes migrate to the thymus via the blood stream where they mature into T lymphocytes

Question 10

T cell maturation involves _____________________- becoming functional for attack against specific pathogens

Answer 10

immunocompetency

Question 11

The thymus gland is __________ and the lobes divide into lobules which are separated by CT (trabeculae). The lobules consist of a cortex and medulla. The cortex has rapidly dividing _____________ that are densely packed. The medulla has less cells, but it does have some thymic (Hassall’s) corpuscles

Answer 11

Bilobed, thymocytes

Question 12

The ____________________ are whorls of reticular epithelial cells that destroy defective T cells capable of attacking the body’s own cells. This prevents autoimmune disease

Answer 12

Hassall corpuscles

Question 13

What are the 4 cell types of the thymus gland?

Answer 13

1) stromal cells
2) reticular epithelial cells
3) adipose cells
4) thymocytes

Question 14

Where are stromal cells found?

Answer 14

Within CT and blood vessels of organs

Question 15

Which cells produce thymus hormones?

Test q

Answer 15

Reticular epithelial cells

Question 16

Which cells replace reticular epithelial cells with atrophy of thymus?

Answer 16

Adipose cells

Question 17

What are the 3 thymus gland hormones?

Answer 17

1) thymopoietins
2) thymic factor
3) thymosins

Question 18

Thymus gland hormones induce ___________________

Answer 18

T cell maturation

Question 19

What is the sympathetic innervation of the thymus gland?

Test q

Answer 19

inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion or stellate (inferior sympathetic ganglion +1st thoracic)

Question 20

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the thymus gland?

Test q

Answer 20

vagus n. (CN X)

Question 21

What are the arteries of the thymus?

Test q

Answer 21

-branches of inferior thyroid
-branches of internal thoracic
-occasionally branches from superior thyroid

Question 22

The thymus is on the anterior chest wall under manubrium of sternum. The _________________________ is the main supplier of blood to the anterior chest wall

Test q

Answer 22

internal thoracic artery

Question 23

Thymus veins drain into….

Test q

Answer 23

-inferior thyroid veins
-brachiocephalic veins
-internal thoracic veins