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TAPP > Acessory Organs Of Duodenum (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Acessory Organs Of Duodenum (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest gland in the body?

A

Liver

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2
Q

In which quadrant is the liver found?

A

RUQ

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3
Q

What does the liver produce?

A

Bile

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4
Q

The liver receives nutrients from GI tract expect….

Test q

A

Long chain FAs and cholesterol which are absorbed by lymph capillaries and enter lymphatic system

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5
Q

What does the liver detoxify?

A

Blood

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6
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

A

1) Right lobe
2) Left lobe
3) quadrate lobe
4) caudal lobe

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7
Q

What is the structural unit of the liver?

Test q

A

Lobules (liver acinus)

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8
Q

What shape are the lobules of the liver?

Test q

A

Hexagonal

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9
Q

What is the portal triad of the lobule (at each angle)?

Test q

A

Portal bile duct, portal arteriole and venule

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10
Q

What are the components of the lobules in liver?

A

bile and blood

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11
Q

Hepatocytes are liver cells that make up the lobules of liver and produce….

A

bile

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12
Q

What are bile canaliculi?

A

small canals that transport bile (produced by hepatocytes) to bile ducts of portal triads at all 6 corners of lobule

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13
Q

Bile ducts receive bile from bile canaliculi and transport it to….

A

R/L hepatic ducts of the heptopancreatic duct system

(bile can continue through the hepatopancreatic duct system to the duodenum. When the hepatopancreatic duct system is filled, bile backs up and enters cystic duct to gallbladder for storage)

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14
Q

Portal venules (of portal triad) transport venous blood from portal vein to….

A

liver sinusoids

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15
Q

Sinusoids are dilated leaky capillaries within liver lobule and contains….

A

kupffer cells (liver macrophages)

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16
Q

The central vein is in the center of the lobule and receives blood from the liver ___________ and drains it into ____________

A

sinusoids, hepatic veins

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17
Q

Hepatic veins drain into the….

test q

A

IVC below diaphragm

(note: the hepatic veins do not course through porta hepatis)

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18
Q

Portal arteries (of portal triad) receives blood from ____________________ (branches of proper hepatic a.) and give off tiny branches that become capillaries. They also drain into sinusoids and supply oxygen and nutrients to liver cells (hepatocytes)

A

R/L hepatic arteries

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19
Q

The porta hepatis is known as the “port of liver” and is a deep fissure in the __________ surface of the liver

test q

A

inferior

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20
Q

The porta hepatis is known as the “port of liver” and is located between _____________ and _____________ lobe

test q

A

quadrate, caudate

21
Q

The porta hepatis is known as the “port of liver” and all of the neurovascular structures except ________________ and R/L hepatic ducts enter or leave the liver through here

test q

A

hepatic veins

22
Q

What makes up the portal triad?

test q

A

1) portal v.
2) proper hepatic a.
3) common hepatic duct

23
Q

What is the hepatopancreatic duct system?

test q

A

-bile from liver and gallbladder mix with pancreatic enzymes
-bile enters descending part of duodenum
-most chemical digestion occurs in duodenum

24
Q

What are the 6 components of the hepatopancreatic duct system?

test q

A

1) R/L hepatic ducts
2) common hepatic duct
3) cystic duct
4) common bile duct
5) pancreatic duct
6) hepatopancreatic ampullae

25
Q

What is the hepatic portal system?

test q

A

-carries blood from parts of the GI tract to the liver
-absorbed substances (except cholesterol and long chain FAs which are absorbed by lymphatic capillaries) are processed in the liver before continuing to the heart to be circulated systemically
-the hepatic portal system extends from the lower portion of the esophagus to the upper part of the anal canal
-it also includes venous drainage from the spleen and pancreas

26
Q

What are the veins of the hepatic portal system?

test q

A

hepatic portal v.
-superior mesenteric v.
-splenic v.
»inferior mesenteric v.

27
Q

After blood is processed by the liver it is returned to the blood stream via ____________ into IVC

test q

A

hepatic veins

28
Q

What is the storage sac for bile called?

A

gallbladder

29
Q

What are the 3 parts of the gallbladder?

A

1) fundus (head)
2) body
3) neck

30
Q

What are the arteries of the gallbladder?

test q

A
31
Q

What are the veins of the gallbladder?

test q

A
32
Q

Which organ is tad-pole shaped and is located partially behind the stomach?

A

pancreas

33
Q

Which organ is this?
-the head is encircled by the duodenum in the RUQ

test q

A

pancreas

34
Q

The pancreas tail abuts….

A

spleen

35
Q

T/F: the pancreas has endocrine and exocrine functions

A

true

36
Q

What are the exocrine functions of the pancreas?

test q

A

the pancreas produces digestive enzymes which are released into the duodenum
-pancreatic amylase
-pancreatic lipase
-pancreatic protease (trypsin and chymotrypsin)
-pancreatic nuclease

37
Q

Pancreatic amylase breaks down…..

test q

A

carbs

38
Q

Pancreatic lipase breaks down…..

test q

A

fats

39
Q

Pancreatic proteases (trypsin and chymotrypsin) breaks down…

test q

A

proteins

40
Q

Pancreatic nucleases break down….

test q

A

nucleic acids

41
Q

What regulates pancreatic enzyme secretion?

A

-secretin is secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the crypts of lieberkuhn in the duodenum in response to acidity of chyme and stimulates pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes
-ACh is stimulated by vagus n. which also stimulates pancreatic acini cell secretion of enzymes

42
Q

What are the endocrine functions of the pancreas?

test q

A

the pancreas produces hormones released into bloodstream
-glucagon
-insulin
-somatostatin

43
Q

Alpha cells secrete which hormone?

test q

A

glucagon

44
Q

What is the function of glucagon?

test q

A

increase blood sugar (glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis)

45
Q

Beta cells secrete which hormone?

test q

A

insulin

46
Q

What is the function of insulin?

test q

A

decrease blood sugar (enhance membrane transport of glucose into cells -> glygogenesis, protein synthesis, and fat synthesis)

47
Q

Delta cells secrete which hormone?

test q

A

somatostatin

48
Q

What is the function of somatostatin?

test q

A

decrease growth hormone secretion

TAPP (11 decks)

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