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tapp > Heart & Great Vessels (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Heart & Great Vessels (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Which pericardium is this?
-irregular dense fibrous connective tissue sac continuous with adventitia of great vessels superiorly and central tendon of diaphragm inferiorly

Test q

A

Fibrous pericardium

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2
Q

Which pericardium is this?
-serous membranes inside fibrous pericardium surrounding heart
-parietal layer
-pericardial cavity containing pericardial fluid
-visceral layer (epicardium)

Test q

A

Serous pericardium

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

Test q

A

1) epicardium (visceral layer of serous pericardium, outer layer of heart wall)
2) myocardium (cardiac muscle, middle layer)
3) endocardium (continuous with tunica interna of blood vessels, inner layer)

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4
Q

What are the 3 cardiac surfaces?

A

1) sternocostal
2) diaphragmatic
3) pulmonary (right and left)

Note: there’s also an apex and base of heart

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5
Q

What are the auricles (R/L) of the heart? What is the function?

A

-also called atrial appendages
-ear like conical muscular pouch that arises from each atrium
-functions to increase the capacity of the atrium and also increases the volume of blood that its able to contain

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6
Q

The coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus is a shallow groove on the outer surface of the heart making the division between the…

A

Atria and the ventricles

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7
Q

The left coronary sulcus is marked by the ________________________________ and coronary sinus

A

circumflex branch of the left coronary artery

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8
Q

The right coronary sulcus is marked by the location of the….

A

Right coronary artery and small cardiac vein

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9
Q

The interventricular sulcus (A,P) are anterior and posterior grooves on the surface of the heart that lie over the interventricular septum and join at the…

A

Apex

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10
Q

The great vessels of the superior mediastinum has both arteries and veins. What are the arteries?

A

Aortic arch
-Brachiocephalic trunk (BCT)
»right common carotid artery (CCA)
»right subclavian artery (SC)
-left CCA
-left SC

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11
Q

The great vessels of the superior mediastinum has both arteries and veins. What are the veins?

A

-right and left brachiocephalic veins
-superior vena cava (SVC)

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12
Q

What are the chambers of the heart?

A

L/R atria and L/R ventricles

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13
Q

What atrial features are on the right side of heart?

Test q

A

-auricle
-pectinate muscles
-fossa ovalis
-ostea (openings)
»superior vena cava (SVC)
»IVC
»coronary sinus

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14
Q

What are the atrial features of the left side of heart?

Test q

A

-auricle
-pectinate muscles
-ostea (openings)
»4 pulmonary veins

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15
Q

What are the ventricular features on the right and left side of heart?

Test q

A

-trabeculae carneae muscles (note he also likes to tag this in lab)
-papillary muscles
-chordae tendonae (tendons)

RIGHT ventricle only
-septomarginal trabeculae (moderator band)

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16
Q

What are the 2 septums of the heart?

Test q

A

1) interatrial septum
2) interventricular septum

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17
Q

What are the 2 atrioventricular (AV) valves of the heart?

Test q

A

1) right AV valve (also known as tricuspid valve)
2) left AV valve (also known as bicuspid valve or mitral valve)

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18
Q

What are the 2 semilunar valves of the heart?

Test q

A

1) pulmonary valve (goes to pulmonary trunk)
2) aortic valve (goes to trunk of aorta)

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19
Q

What are the 2 types of heart cells?

A

1) conductive (autorhythmic, or nodal) cells
2) contractile (cardiac muscle) cells

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20
Q

Which heart cells are a part of the intrinsic conductive system?

A

conductive (autorhythmic, or nodal) cells

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21
Q

Which heart cells are capable of generating and transmitting rhythmic APs?

A

conductive (autorhythmic, or nodal) cells

22
Q

Are conductive (autorhythmic, or nodal) cells neurons?

A

no

23
Q

Which heart cells are cardiac muscle cells, striated, uninucleated or binucleated, and have intercalated discs?

A

contractile cardiac muscle cells

24
Q

What is the conducting system of the heart?

Test q

A

1) it starts in the R atrium at the sinoatrial (SA) node/pacemaker of the heart
2) bachmann’s bundle (interatrial pathway spreads depolarization from R to L atrium)
3) atrioventricular (AV) node (impulse will be delayed here)
4) atrioventricular (AV) bundle/ bundle of His (goes down to ventricular septum)
5) R/L bundle branches
6) purkinje fibers

25
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

SA node

26
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit? What is its function?

test q

A

-blood vessels carry blood to and from lungs
-includes R side of heart
-function= to oxygenate blood

27
Q

What is the systemic circuit? What is its function?

test q

A

-blood vessels carry blood to and from all body tissues
-includes L side of heart
-function= provide nutrients and oxygen and pick up wastes and carbon dioxide

28
Q

What is the deoxygenated blood flow through heart pathway?

test q

A

SVC (upper body), IVC (lower body) and coronary sinus (heart tissue) > R atrium> R AV (tricuspid) valve> R ventricle> pulmonary semilunar valve> pulmonary trunk> R/L pulmonary arteries

R/L pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to R/L lungs to be oxygenated

29
Q

What is the oxygenated blood flow through heart pathway?

test q

A

R/L pulmonary veins from R/L lungs > L atrium> L AV (bicuspid/ mitral) valve> L ventricle> aortic semilunar valve> aortic trunk (aorta)

aorta carries oxygenated blood to all tissues of the body

30
Q

Which NS is known as fight flight?

test q

A

sympathetic NS

31
Q

Which NS has thoracolumbar outflow from T1-L2 spinal cord segments?

test q

A

sympathetic NS

32
Q

How does sympathtic NS affect the heart?

test q

A

heart rate increases

33
Q

The superior cervical sympathetic ganglia goes to the _______________________ ganglia

test q

A

T4 sympathetic chain

34
Q

Which NS is known as rest and digest?

A

parasympathetic NS

35
Q

Which NS has craniosacral outflow with CN III, VII, IX, and X, and sacral S2-S4 spinal cord segments?

Test q

A

parasympathetic NS

36
Q

How does parasympathetic NS affect heart rate?

Test q

A

decreases heart rate

37
Q

CN X, vagus n., is a part of what plexi?

A

cardiac plexi

38
Q

Which node spontaneously depolarizes 100x/ min?

Test q

A

SA node

39
Q

Which nerveous system regulates heart rate between 60-100 bpm?

Test q

A

parasympathetic NS

40
Q

What is the average HR?

Test q

A

about 75 bpm

41
Q

The greater the parasympathetic signals, the slower the heart rate below…..

Test q

A

100

42
Q

Sympathetic NS increases heart rate over…..

Test q

A

100 bpm

43
Q

When can you hear the lub dub heart sounds?

Test q

A

when thorax is auscultated with stethoscope

44
Q

What is the lub heart sound?

Test q

A

-AV valves close
-ventricular ejection/contraction
-systole

45
Q

What is the dub heart sound?

Test q

A

-SL valves close
-ventricular filling/relaxation
-diastole

46
Q

What are the arteries of the heart?

A

R coronary a.
-anterior ventricular a.
-R acute marginal a.
-posterior IV a.

L coronary a.
-anterior IV a.
-circumflex a.
»L obtuse marginal a.
»posterior ventricular a.

47
Q

What are the veins of the heart?

A
48
Q

Which node regulates the spread of depolarization from the atria to the ventricles?

Test q

A

AV node

49
Q

The internal jugular vein unites with the ________________ to form the brachiocephalic vein

Test q

A

Subclavian vein

50
Q

Brachiocephalic veins unite to form the….

Test q

A

SVC

tapp (11 decks)

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