Toxoplasma + Cryptosporidium

Question 1

phylum of Cryptosporidium

Answer 1

Apicomplexa

Question 2

false about Cryptosporidium
A. only affects humans
B. opportunistic
C. causes water-borne diarrhea
D. can be seen through acid fast stain

Answer 2

A

zoonotic siya

Question 3

Each Cryptosporidium oocyst contains how many naked sporozoites?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

enumerate processes of Cryptosporidium that occur in the small intestine

Answer 4

merogony/schizogony
gametogony
sporogony

Question 5

[Cryptosporidium]

Where does merogony take place, and how many merozoites does it yield?

Answer 5

microvilli

Question 6

[Cryptosporidium]

Water and food are contaminated with ___ oocysts

Answer 6

thick-walled

Question 7

[Cryptosporidium]

Describe asexual cycle of reproduction.

Answer 7

merozoites invade other enterocytes to produce more merozoites

Question 8

[Cryptosporidium]

first step of sexual cycle of reproduction

Answer 8

gametogony to form microgamont & macrogamont

Question 9

[Cryptosporidium]
Which is true?
A. A microgamont fertilizes a macrogamont.
B. A microgamete from a macrogamont fertilizes a microgamont.
C. A microgamete from a microgamont fertilizes a macrogamont.
D. Microgamonts and macrogamonts are not formed.

Answer 9

C

Question 10

[Cryptosporidium]
Which type of oocyst causes autoinfection?
A. thin-walled oocyst
B. thick-walled oocyst
C. both
D. no auto-infection occurs

Answer 10

A

Question 11

[Cryptosporidium]
not an established mode of transmission
A. hand to mouth
B. handling animals
C. human and animal feces contam
D. injection of needles

Answer 11

D

Question 12

[Cryptosporidium]
affected in pathogenesis
A. cGMP
B. cAMP
C. CFTR
D. All of the above

Answer 12

B

Question 13

[Cryptosporidium]
stool sample of patient with this parasite is often like
A. dysentery
B. cholera
C. EHEC
D. none of the above

Answer 13

B

Question 14

[Cryptosporidium]
main site of pathogenesis
A. duodenum
B. ileum
C. jejunum
D. all  of the above

Answer 14

A

Question 15

[Cryptosporidium]
other sites of pathogenesis include all except
A. biliary tree
B. brain
C. gall bladder
D. respiratory tract

Answer 15

B

Question 16

Enumerate acid fast staining methods for Cryptosporidiun

Answer 16

Kinyoun
modified Ziehl-Neelsen
Auramine

Question 17

specimen viewed in immunofluorescence test for Cryptosporidium

Answer 17

oocyst

Question 18

current drug of choice for Cryptosporidium

Answer 18

nitazoxanide`

Question 19

Which is false?
A. Wash hands before handling food/after defecation to prevent transmission of Cryptosporidium.
B. Fluid replacement (via oral or IV) may be used for treatment of Cryptosporidium.
C. both are true

Answer 19

C

Question 20

[Toxoplasma]

only part of tachyzoite stage that is seen in light microscope

Answer 20

nucleus

Question 21

[Toxoplasma]

shape of tachyzoite stage

Answer 21

piriform

Question 22

[Toxoplasma]

wall of mature pseudocyst: composition

Answer 22

combination of host and parasitic components

Question 23

[Toxoplasma]

tissue cysts are often found in the ___ of the host

Answer 23

muscles

Question 24

[Toxoplasma]

T/F. Oocysts shed @ cat feces are infective.

Answer 24

F. Oocysts sporulate @ envt –> infective

Question 25

[Toxoplasma] | Upon entry, oocyte undergoes ___ and enters enterocytes/mucosal cells

Answer 25

schizogony

Question 26

[Toxoplasma] | After schizogony & entering mucosal cells, sporozoite multiplies into many merozoites. This process is called __

Answer 26

endodyogeny

Question 27

[Toxoplasma] | Merozoites --> ___ @ definitive host

Answer 27

tachyzoites

Question 28

``` [Toxoplasma] Humans are infected by eating undercooked meat of animals that have __ stages. A. sporozoite B. merozoite C. bradyzoite ```

Answer 28

C

Question 29

``` [Toxoplasma] What does the parasite form inside human host? A. tachyzoite B. bradyzoite C. tissue cyst D. all of the above ```

Answer 29

C

Question 30

[Toxoplasma] t/f humans are definitive host

Answer 30

f ``` Family Felidae (Cats plus relatives) ang definitive host humans: intermediate host ```

Question 31

[Toxoplasma] | enumerate most affected cells by this parasite

Answer 31

macrophage | dendritic cell

Question 32

[Toxoplasma] | type of exanthem seen in Toxoplasma patients

Answer 32

typhus like (Rickettsia-like)

Question 33

[Toxoplasma] | Why is chorioretinitis possible?

Answer 33

blindness by presence of cyst @ eye

Question 34

[Toxoplasma] | What is Sabin Syndrome?

Answer 34

internal hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, convulsions, cerebral calcification

Question 35

[Toxoplasma] | What is Sabin-Feldman dye test?

Answer 35

method involving incubation of live trophozoites, and if Abs are present, cell membrane is destroyed & dye will get inside cell

Question 36

[Toxoplasma] | dye @ Sabin-Feldman test

Answer 36

methylene blue

Question 37

[Toxoplasma] | diag method @ 1st term of pregnancy

Answer 37

IgM ELISA

Question 38

[Toxoplasma] | type of lesions seen @ brain MRI of patient with Toxoplasma

Answer 38

ring typical lesions

Question 39

[Toxoplasma] | skin test for this parasite

Answer 39

Frenkel side test

Question 40

[Toxoplasma] | Drugs vs Toxoplasma can lyse tissue cysts of the parasite.T/F

Answer 40

F Drugs: for control only

Question 41

[Toxoplasma] | two animals that have higher prevalence of positive titers for Toxoplasma antibodies

Answer 41

pigs and rats

Question 42

[Toxoplasma] | what devt stage can be seen @ bone marrow samples

Answer 42

tachyzoites

Question 43

[Toxoplasma] | T/F tissue cysts have bradyzoites

Answer 43

T