Paragonimiasis Flashcards
pulmonary paragonimiasis is A. food-borne B. tick-borne C. water-borne D. all of the above
A
gold standard for diagnosing paragonimiasis
• Demonstration of lung fluke eggs on sputum
examination
False about morphology of Paragonimus
A.Reddish-brown, resembling a coffee bean
B. Tegument is covered with double-spaced spines
C. Vitellaria is extensively branched
D. Ovaries are anterior to the testes
B
single-spaced dapat
In Paragonimus cercariae, what can be found on the dorsal side of oral sucker?
stylet
Adult Paragonimus flukes are found in twos or threes within ___ in lungs
fibrotic capsules/cysts
The eggs are excreted \_\_\_\_ in the sputum, or are swallowed and passed with stool. A. embryonated B. unembryonated C. either A or B
B
genus of Paragonimus first intermediate host
Antemelania (Snail)
Which does not happen inside Antemelania? A. development into miracidia B. development into sporocyst C. development into redia D. development into cercaria
A
Item A happens before it enters Antemelania
second intermediate host of Paragonimus - identify genus
Sundathelphusa sp (crab)
Which happens inside Sundathelphusa? A. development into miracidia B. development into sporocyst C. development into cercaria D. development into metacercaria
D
infective stage of Paragonimus
metacercariae @ crab
diagnostic stage of Paragonimus
unembryonated egg @ sputum/feces
Which substances are in-charge of this pathogenesis:
metacercariae penetration through the intestinal wall –> abdominal wall –>peritoneal cavity –> diaphragm –> lungs –> encapsulated –> adults
cysteine proteases
The worms can also reach other organs and tissues,
such as the brain and striated muscles, respectively.
When they eggs here, the life cycle is complete. T or F?
F
When this takes place completion of the life
cycles is not achieved, because the eggs laid cannot
exit these sites.
Which is not a clinical manifestation of paragonimiasis? A. Generalized or localized fibrosis B. Cystic constriction of bronchi C. Persistent pneumonia D. Tubercule-like abscesses
B
dilation dapat
Cyst produced by the host in response to presence of
eggs and ___ discharged into lung tissue.
Worm excretory-secretory products
Which may not cause symptom variation? A. Species of worm involved B. Stage of infection C. Shape of worms invading D. Individual idiosyncrasy
C
number, not shape
Which is not a major clinical manifestation of paragonimiasis? A.Persistent cough B. Hemoptysis – blood-stained sputum C. Chest pain D. Nausea
D
> > Mimics other diseases, hence, it is poorly
diagnosed
Includes diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever cough,
urticaria, hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary
abnormalities, and eosinophilia
Which phase of paragonimiasis is this?
acute phase
most serious complication of paragonimiasis
→ cerebral involvement / cerebral
paragonimiasis,
Paragonimus fluke may cause this kind of epilepsy, along with cerebral hemorrhage, edema, visual disturbances, or
meningitis.
Jacksonian epilepsy
characteristic eggs may be found in all except A. Urine B. Sputum C. Aspirated pleural effusion fluid D. Feces
A
Which is not present in the Paragonimus egg?
A. Flattened operculum
B. Lateral knob
C. Thickened abopercular end
B
B is in Schistosoma
In concentration technique for diagnosing paragonimiasis, – ___ is added to the sputum, followed by standing
and centrifugation
3% NaOH
T or F
Intradermal senstivity test does not differentiate between
present and past infections.
T
Which among the ff is the most sensitive technique for detecting paragonimiasis?
A. sputum microscopy
B. intradermal sensitivty test
C. ELISA
C
standard serological test for paragonimiasis
Complement Fixation
false about Complement Fixation
A. high sensitivity for both diagnosis and assessment of
cure after therapy
B. Able to detect a more rapid increase in
antibody levels after chemotherapeutic cure
C. EIA replaced it due to CF’s technical difficulties
B
decrease, not increase
sputum must be of \_\_\_ origin A. pharyngeal B. upper respiratory tract C. laryngeal D. lower respiratory tract
D
To ensure a good sample, collect the specimen in the \_\_\_ A. early morning B. noon C. early afternoon D. late evening
A
Which is not true?
A. Lung fluke eggs remain viable after processing for Acid
Fast Bacilli.
B. X-ray findings may mimic other pulmonary diseases.
C. Paragonimiasis and TB may co-infect the patient.
A.
Pick the trio with a country that is not proven to be endemic to paragonimiasis.
A. Japan, South Korea, Thailand,
B. Taiwan, Central China, Mongolia
C. Vietnam, Myanmar and the Philippines
B
Mongolia is not proven to be endemic yet.
Pick the trio with a province that is not proven to be endemic to paragonimiasis.
A. Leyte, Sorsogon, Mindoro
B. Camarines, Samar, Davao,
C. Cotabato, Davao Oriental, Basilan
D. Zamboanga del Norte, Palawan, Zamboanga del Sur
D
Palawan, Zamboanga del Sur –> hindi pa endemic dito
prevalence of paragonimiasis
among TB symptomatics in Sorsogon
16.3%
false about paragonimiasis in Sorsogon
A. Rates not significantly different between
known cases & undiagnosed cases
B. There is a significant difference in infection rates
between males and females
C. False sila pareho
D. True ang A at B
B
no significant diff
Which is not a second intermediate or reservoir host?
A. Varuna litterata
B. Sundathelphusa philippina
C. Antemelania sp.
C
paratenic host of Paragonimus A. pigs B. cats C. snails D. crabs
A
• Roasting the crab over glowing embers of wood
charcoal
• In Leyte, the crab is removed from the glowing
charcoal before crabs are thoroughly cooked
identify the dish
sinugba
Adding the sour juice of calamansi & coconut milk
to the edible portion of the raw crab
idenrify the dish
kinilaw
two drugs used to treat paragonimiasis
Praziquantel
Triclabendazole
