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PH 172 > Plasmodium > Flashcards

Plasmodium Flashcards

1
Q

most important parasitic disease

A

malaria

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2
Q

What stages are inoculated when the mosquito

bites human.?

A

sporozoite

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3
Q

process where Plasmodium divides

into many merozoites; where does this happen?

A

schizogony

liver cells

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4
Q

some
of the sporozoites remain as schizonts in the liver cell;
do not undergo schizogony; what is this stage called?

A

hypnozoite

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5
Q

Which Plasmodium species have hypnozoite stage?

A

Ovale

Vivax

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6
Q

differentiate Plasmodium microgametocyte fr macrogametocyte

A

micro: male
macro: female

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7
Q

What completes gametogenesis of gametocyte?

A

Anopheles mosquitoes bite infected humans,

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8
Q

Plasmodium: undergoes
fertilization to produce a/an ___ in the midgut of
the mosquito.

A

ookinete

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9
Q

Some of the merozoites released do not invade RBC;

but develop into the __ stages

A

gametocyte

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10
Q

definitive host of Plasmodium

A

Anopheles mosquito

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11
Q

DNA Structure that is origin of flagellum

A

kinetoplast

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12
Q

What completes gametogenesis of Plasmodium?

A

mosquito bite

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13
Q

What happens to the microgametocyte prior to gametogenesis?

A

microgametocyte exflagellates

macrogam

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14
Q

Ookinete –> sporogony –> sporozoites go to ____ of mosquito

A

salivary glands

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15
Q 
which is not an established mode of transmission for malaria
A. congenital
B. insect bite
C. orofecal
D. blood transfusion
A

C

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16
Q

Why are thin blood smears used for malaria?

A

RBCs far apart –> clearly see ring forms/trophozoites

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17
Q

Why are schizonts of P.falciparum rarely seen?

A

hiding at brain’s blood vessels

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18
Q

number of merozoites in P.falci schizont (range)

A

8-32

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19
Q

ring forms that are attached at RBC edge (for P.falci)

A

accole and applique

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20
Q

Ring form and trophozoite of P.vivax are the same. T/F

A

F

Sa P.falci yun

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21
Q 
most commonly seen P.vivax devt stage @ thin blood smear
A. schizont
B. trophozoite
C. gametocyte
D. ring form
A

B

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22
Q

eosinophilic granules present @ cytoplasm of P.vivax: identify

A

Schuffner’s dots

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23
Q 
False about P.vivax
A. chromatin: smaller than P.falci
B. schizont can cause relapse
C. causes RBC enlargement
D. less virulent than P.falci
A

A

bigger dapat

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24
Q

characteristic presentation of P.malariae schizont

A

rosette formation

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25
Q

characteristic presentation of P.malariae trophozoite

A

band form

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26
Q

T/F

P.malariae causes RBC enlargement

A

F

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27
Q 
Which is not a similarity bet P.vivax and P.ovale?
A. Schuffner's  dots
B. Rosette formation
C. Enlarged RBCs
D. Hypnozoite stage
A

B

28
Q

Mosquito vector in PHL that transmits malaria

A

Anopheles flavisrostris

29
Q

One of the prodromal symptoms of malaria is lasstude. What is lassitude?

A

walang gana

30
Q

Malaria paroxysyms: what is the sequence

A

chills the fever then sweating

31
Q

malaria paroxysyms are assoc with what part of life cycle?

A

schizogony

32
Q

ideal time to collect blood for malaria

A

during fever

33
Q

chills/cold stage: pathophysio behind mild shivering??

A

muscle contractions that produce heat to increase temp

34
Q

Why can’t malarial fever be sustained by the body for a long time?

A

proteins and multiplying cells may be destroyed

35
Q

periodicity and type of malaria, P.falci

A

36-48hrs

malignant tertian

36
Q

periodicity and type of malaria, P.vivax

A

48hrs

benign tertian

37
Q

periodicity and type of malaria, P.malariae

A

72 hours

benign quartan

38
Q

periodicity and type of malaria, P.ovale

A

48 hours

benign tertian

39
Q

most malarious province in PHL

A

Palawan

40
Q

[Pathogenesis of Plasmodium]

What is Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein 1?

A

makes adhesion more effective

41
Q

[Pathogenesis of Plasmodium]

Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein & rosettins complex with ___

A

intercellular adhesion molecule

42
Q

[Pathogenesis of Plasmodium]

cytokine produced by macrophages assoc with fever

A

Tumor Necrosis Factor

43
Q

cytoadherence of Plasmodium to vital organs causes anoxia, due to what phenomenon?

A

obstruction of blood flow

44
Q

In what Plasmodium species is there pulmonary edema?

What happens exactly?

A

Plasmodium falciparum

excess fluid @ alveoli

45
Q

macroscopic hemoglobinuria @ malaria - describe

A

bloody to black urine

46
Q

hyperprexia @ malaria - describe

A

rectal temp is greater than 40 degC

47
Q

acidosis @ malaria - describe

A

glucose not converted to carbon dioxide but to lactate

48
Q

only endemic areas of malaria in the PHL: enumerate

A

Southern Palawan, Tawi-tawi, Sulu, Basilan

49
Q

most successful intervention for malaria @ Visayas but banned bc of harmful effects

A

DDT Spraying

50
Q

kind of breeding water of Anopheles mosquito

A

clean, shaded, slow running water

51
Q

malarial incidence is higher @ post-rainy season for high altitude areas

A

water becomes fast-flowing –> not conducive for breeding –> larvae bought to sea –> larvae die

52
Q

What equipment in rapid diagnostic test is used to detect P.falciparum?

A

parachip

53
Q

Enumerate possibly detected antigens @ rapid diag test. Which can cause cytoadherence?

A

Histidine rich protein (causes cytoadherence)

Parasite lactate dehydrogenase

54
Q

in rapid diagnostic test, this technique is used to show positive band in the reactive site

A

immunochromatography

55
Q

gold standard for malarial diagnosis

A

thin and thic blood smear

56
Q

kind of blood smear used to identify species

A

thin blood smear

57
Q

kind of blood smear used to identify positive fr negative

A

thick blood smear

58
Q

in quantitative buffy coat: enumerate layers fr top to bottom

A

serum plasma
buffy coat
RBCs

59
Q

stain used in qty buffy coat

A

Acridine orange stain

60
Q

serologic diagnosis of malaria is used to measure___?

A

period prevalence

61
Q

T/F. PCR is used to diagnose malaria.

A

F

PCR used to monitor drug resistance

62
Q

drug treatment that is only for P.falciparum

A

artemether-lumefantrine

63
Q

T/F Mass treatment works for malarial control.

A

F. bc drug resistaance

64
Q

drugs used for malarial chemoprophy

A

Doxycycline & Mefloquine

65
Q

3 strategies of global fund proj for malaria

A

Early diagnosis
Insecticide treated nets
Indoor residual spraying

66
Q

T/F

Larvae of Anopheles get killed upon sunlight exposure.

A

T

PH 172 (25 decks)

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