Toxocologic Emergencies: Poisonous Plants Flashcards
What is this describing?
- Gastrointestinal system
- CNS
- Cardiovascular system
- Respiratory system
- Renal system
- Liver
- Skin
Organ systems affected by plant toxicities include
What is this describing?
- Type of plant ingested
- Part of the plant ingested
- Amount of the plant ingested
Organs systems affected and the severity of the clinical signs observed vary by
The primary treatment for toxic plant ingestion is _____________ and _______________ .
- decontamination
2. symptomatic supportive care
What poisonous plant is this?
- Contain grayanotoxins in the nectar and all portions of the plant
- Grayanotoxin cause myocardium electrical conduction abnormalities
- Clincal signs observed include abdominal pain, bruxism, hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, dyspnea, CNS depression, seizures
- Prognosis is good with timely treatment
Azeleas and Rhododendrons
What poisonous plant is this?
- These are the true lilies (belonging to the genus Lilium and Hemerocallis) that produce a potent toxin that is toxic to cats
- Even small amounts of the toxin cause renal failure and death in cats
- All parts of the plant are poisonous, including its pollen and vase water of cut flowers
- Clinical signs include depression, vomiting, anorexia, dehydration
- Decontamination and supportive treatment may prevent renal failure
Easter Lilies, Tiger Lilies, Japanese Show Lilies, Day Lilies
What poisonous plant is this?
- Contain cardiac glycosides that cause myocardium electrical conduction abnormalities
- In most cases, all parts of the plant are toxic
- Clinical signs include vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, cardiac arrhythmias
- Prognosis varies with amount of plant ingested
Lilly of the Valley, Foxglove, and Oleander
What poisonous plant is this?
- Contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals in their stems and leaves that cause stomatitis and contact dermatitis
- Chewing on the plant releases the crystals into the oral cavity causing intense burning and irritation of the mouth, lips, and tongue; hypersalivation; stomatitis; anorexia; vomiting
- Prognosis is good and condition resolves within a few days
Calla Lily, Peace Lily, Mother-in-Law’s Tongue, Dumb Cane
What poisonous plant is this?
- Contains the toxin cycasin which causes damage to the gastrointestinal tract and liver
- The highest concentrations of cycasin are found in the seeds, but all parts of the plant are toxic
- Clinical signs include hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhea, hematemesis, hematochezia, melena, abdominal pain, icterus, ascites, weakness, ataxia, seizures, coma, death
- Prognosis is guarded to poor
Sago Palm, Cycad Species of Palm Trees
What poisonous plant is this?
- Some types can cause kidney failure in dogs
- The toxic mechanism that makes this happen is unknown
grapes and raisins
What poisonous plant is this?
- Contains the toxin n-propyl disulfide which causes RBC damage resulting in Heinz body formation and hemolytic anemia
- Toxin can be found in fresh, dried, or powdered plant
onions and garlic
What poisonous plant is this?
1. Contain the toxin ricin, one of the most powerful plant toxins that causes cellular death in tissues
2. The seeds contain the highest concentration, but all parts of the plant are poisonous
3. Clinical signs observed in different organ systems
a. GI signs– vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
b. Hepatic damage
c. Vascular endothelial damage
d. Myocardial necrosis
Pulmonary edema, dyspnea
castor beans
