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USMLE HY notes > Toxidromes > Flashcards

Toxidromes Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

How to treat hypoglycemia, which GPCRs receptor is activated

A

Glucose or Glucagon, Gs&raquo_space; cAMP

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2
Q

What’s the toxidrome? RR-4, bilateral miosis + Abnormal atriel blood gases

A

Opiods intoxication

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3
Q

whats the antidote for opiods overdose

A

Neloxone

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4
Q

Why opiods overdose casue Respiratory acidosis

A

Bradypnea&raquo_space; CO2 accumulation

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5
Q

Whats the treatment for Wernicke Enchaplopathy

A

Thiamine (B1) after given Glucose

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6
Q

Whats the Toxidrime? Pt with multiple episodes of pancreatitis, nystagmus, troublewalking

A

Wernicke Encephalopathy

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7
Q

Whats the diagnosis? Pt with nitroprusside drip + metabolic acidosis?

A

Cyanide proisnig

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8
Q

Whats the best step in menegment of cyanide poisoning?

A

Hydroxocobalaimn and Soudium + Thiosulfate

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9
Q

Pt consumes Anti-freeze and is now complaining of flank pain, What is the toxidrome?

A

Oxalate nephrolithiasis secondary to ethyl glycol poisionning

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10
Q

How to treat benzodiazepine overdoze

A

Flumazenil

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11
Q

In which age groups BZ will not begiven with delirum?

A

Elderly

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12
Q

High Tm , dilated pupils, dry skin and suprapubcic fullnes + smoked a lot of weed, whats the toxidrome?

A

Anticholinergic toxcitiy

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13
Q

how to initally treat Anticholinergic toxicity?

A

Physostigmine

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14
Q

Pt with diarrhea, miosis, sweating, lacrimation, bronchospasm, whats the toxidrome?

A

Cholinergic toxidrome

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15
Q

What the first step in menegment of Anticholinergic Toxicity?

A

Atropine (1st), Pralidoxime (2nd)

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16
Q

Which receptor mediate Bronchospasm

A

M3 (Ach&raquo_space; M3&raquo_space; bronchoconstriction) Atropine causes Bronchodilation

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17
Q

whats the toxidrome? DM with Gastropheresis + muscle rigidity and fever

A

Metoclopramide

18
Q

How to treat metoclopramide toxidrome?

A
  1. BNZ + Dopamine agonists (Cabergoline , Bromocroptine)
19
Q

Which medication are given in NMS

A
  1. BZD
  2. Dopamine agonists- Bromocroptine (reverse dopamine blockage)
  3. Dantrolene sodium- muscle relaxant
20
Q

Whats the toxidrome?
SSRI switches to MAOI + fever, myoclonus and diarrhea

A

Seratonin syn. secondary to indaquate washout-time.

21
Q

how to menege Seratonin syn.?

A

BZD + Cyproheptadine

22
Q

Whats the toxidrome? Pt started psy drug , with headace + vision changes and BP 240/120

A

Hypertensive Crisis&raquo_space; Thyamine consumption on MAOI

23
Q

How to treat Hypertensive crsis secondary to Maoi Thyamine toxicity?

A

Phentolamine (alpha- adernergic blocker)

24
Q

Pt with diabetic gastroparesis + Upper extrimity rigidity.
whats the toxidrome?

A

Acute dystonia

25
Q

what are the 4 extrapyramidal symtoptoms using Ap drugs?

A

Acute dystonia- 1-5 days

# Parkinsonism- 1-4 wks
# Akathesia- 5-60 days
# Tradive Dyskinesia- Month-yrs

26
Q

how to manage Acute dystonia?

A

Bzd or Diphenhydramine

27
Q

Pt started AP and feels restless, whats the symptom name? and how to manage?

A

Akathesia, Beta-blocker

28
Q

Pt on typical-AP and perform repetitive movments of the tounges and face, whats the symptom name? and how to manage?

A

Tradive dyskinesia.
menegment: stop and swith to a-typical AP

29
Q

Pt with HT, tachy, Myadriasis.
Whats the toxidrome? how to manage?

A

Sympathomimetics
managment: Alpha-1 blocker: Phentolamine (also for HT crisis), or alpha-beta blocker (Carvedilol)

30
Q

Pt found unresponsive at home during winterm severe lactic acidosis. Whats the toxidrome? how to manage?

A

CO poisnening.
Managment: Hyperbaric Oxygen

31
Q

pt planning to visit developing country and taking malaria prophylaxis. now hypoxic and cyanosis. whats the toxidrome? how to manage?

A

Metahemoglobinemia
managment: Methylene blue

32
Q

Pt Hx of Mitral Stenosisand Afib present with Bloody bowl movment. Whats the toxidrome (Which medication cause is)? How to manage?

A

Warfarin Toxicity.
Manage: Pro-thrombin complex concentrate (PCC)

33
Q

Pt with mental disorders present with elevetaed liver functions + high creatinine. Whats the poisning? how to manange?

A

Acetaminophen poisning
managment: N-acetylcystiene (Repleninshig glutathione in liver)

34
Q

Pt triad to overdose _________ present with high respiratory rate and abnormal blood results. how to manage?

A

Aspirin toxicity-

manage: Sodium bicarbonate or dialysis of severe

35
Q

Preeclampsia + treated + hyporeflxia and slow respiratory rate. Whats the toxidrome? how to manage?

A

Mg toxicity.
management: Calcium Gluconate (ייצוב הממברנה- היפרמגנזמיה / היפרקלמיה)

36
Q

CHF exacerbation&raquo_space; put on loop diuretics&raquo_space; lots of Ventricular arrhyt. whats the toxidrome?

A

Digoxin toxicity.
manage: Anti-digoxin Fab Fragments

*The combined use of digoxin and diuretics should be avoided if possible. Interaction between digoxin and diuretics is one of the most common drug–drug interactions (DDI) *

37
Q

Pt partying and took drug. now present with Hyperkalemia , Hypocalcemia and rising creatining. Whats the drug

A

MDMA (Ecstasy) + Rhabdomyalysis. Can treat with dantrolene

38
Q

Pt going surgery becoming rigid and febrile. whats the toxidrome? how to manage?

A

Malignent hypertension.
Treatment: Dantrolene
someone receives general anesthesia with one or more of the following drugs: halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane or succinylcholine

39
Q

Pt been on a ventilator (מכונת הנשמה) for a while and develop pancreatitis. whats the toxidrome?

A

Propofol

40
Q

Pt with parkinson present with myoclonus and hyperthermia, whats the toxidrome?

A

MAO-B inhibitors

41
Q

Pt with cancer drug starts having blood clots in urine. what happend and due to which drug?

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis secondary to cyclophospamide

42
Q

Pt with cancer drug starts having hearing diffuclties + rising creatinine. due to which drug?

A

Cisplatine

USMLE HY notes (34 decks)

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