Leukemia + Lymphoma Flashcards
Which leukemia affect kids?
ALL
rapidly fatal if not treated
two types:
T-blast = TdT+ (thymic mass)
B-blast (both)- TdT+& CD10+
Which leuokemia common in midlife? (2 types)
AML
CML
AML:
1. Which chromosomes translocation
2. What we will see on blood smear? (finding inside the cells)
3. Medication?
- translocation 15 >17 (A= 1st letter, M- five dots, L- 7 upside down)
- Auer rods- DIC if gets into bloodstream
- Tx: ATRA (Vit A derivative)
Also: A- aure rods
M- myloperoxidase +
L- aLL trans retinoic acid
CML:
1. Which chromosomes translocation
2. which protein is produce?
3. Medication?
- translocation 9 >22 (C for Crea, cheese =Philadelphia Chromosome)
- BCR-ABL
- Tx: Imatinib (Tyrosine kinase inhibitor)
CLL:
1. age group
2. Histology
- > 60 yrs
- Smudge cells
Immunodeficieny»_space; B cells dont make functional Ab
Hairy cell leukemia
1. histology?
2. Marker
- lymphocyte with fine white projections
- TRAP-positive
What are the 3 types of lymphoma
- Hodgkin’s
- Burkkit
- Follicular
Hodjkin lymphoma:
CBC- normal / abnormal
Which age distribuitons?
Histology?
and what are the different types
- CBC normal
- Late teens-20, 50-60
- Reed-sternberg cells
- two types:
Mixed cellularity- High eosinophils + pruritus
Markers- CD15, CD30
Which pathogen is associated with Mixed cellularity Hodjkin lymphoma
EBV
Burkitts lymphoma
1. choromosmal translocation
2. Histology
3. Mutation
4. Presentation
- t(8,14) - B looks like 8 and then always 1» two t = 2X2= 4
- hostology: Starry night- kits= stiks= stars
- C-myc amplification»_space; prolifarion of lymp.
- presenation- Jaw mass african child, Abdominal mass otherwisw
Follicular lymphoma
Chromosomal translocation
t(14,18)
Remember burkitts = 8,14»_space; now add 1 to 8 and switch between them
CRAB symtomps of MM
C- hypercalcemia
R-renal insufficency
A- anemia
B- bone pain
What is a findging in blood smear of MM
Rouleaux
Polycetmia vera
Presenation, EPO high or low
mutation
Tx?
- pruritus facial plethroa (red)
- high Hb, Hc.
- low EPO
- treatment- phelbotomy (הקזות דם)
Essential thrombocytopenia
1. whats the risk?
2. mutation
3. pathophys?
- risk for Thrombosis and bleeding
- JAK2
- lots of dysfunctional PLT
high PLT
Primary Myelofibrosis
1. pathyphysiology?
2. histology?
- fibroblast obliterate the bone merrow
- Dacrocytes (tear drop) on peripheral blood smear
Tear drops- granulomatous inflammation, or hematopoietic or metastatic neoplasms. They can also be seen in patients with splenic abnormalities, vitamin B12 deficiency, and some other forms of anemia
what is pelger huet anomaly?
in which myelo syndrome we will see?
היפוסגמנטציה של נוירופילים
myelodysplastic syndrome
