Toxicology Flashcards
what three questions are most important to know about an exposure to a toxin?
where, what, and how of the exposure
morphine is a…
opiate
codeine is a…
opiate
common opiates examples
morphine and codeine
signs and symptoms of an opiate
hypoventilation, respiratory arrest, pinpoint pupils, sedation/coma, hypotension
common opioid examples
heroin, fentanyl, methadone, oxycodone
heroin is a…
opioid
fentanyl is a…
opioid
methadone is a…
opioid
oxycodone is a…
opioid
signs and symptoms of an opioid
hypoventilation, respiratory arrest, pinpoint pupils, sedation/coma, hypotension
what do opioids and opiates do to the body?
they bind to the nerve cells in the brain to reduce pain receptors, create intense euphoria, or an intense high
common examples of sympathomimetics
mephedrone, cocaine, methamphetamine
mephedrone is a…
sympathomimetics
cocaine is a…
sympathomimetics
methamphetamine is a…
sympathomimetics
signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic
hypertension, tachycardia, dilated pupils, agitation, seizures, hyperthermia
what do sympathomimetic drugs do to your body?
imamate your fight or flight response, give you a huge rush of adrenaline!
common examples of sedatives/hypnotics
diazepam, secobarbital, temazepam, midazolam, ketamine
diazepam is a…
sedatives/hypnotics
secobarbital is a…
sedatives/hypnotics
temazepam is a…
sedatives/hypnotics
midazolam is a…
sedatives/hypnotics
signs and symptoms of sedatives/hypnotics
slurred speech, sedation/coma, hypoventilation, hypotension
sedatives/hypnotics effect on the body
tranquilizers/sleeping pills, slow down the body’s functions
anticholinergics common examples
atropine, diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, doxylamine, jimsonweed
atropine is a…
anticholinergics
diphenhydramine is a…
anticholinergics
chlorpheniramine is a…
anticholinergics
doxylamine is a…
anticholinergics
jimsonweed is a…
anticholinergics
signs and symptoms of anticholinergics
tachycardia, hyperthermia, hypertension, dilated pupils, dry skin, mucous membranes, sedition and agitation, coma or delirium, decreased bowel sounds
common examples of cholinergics
organophosphates, pilocarpine, nerve gas
organophosphates is a…
cholinergic
pilocarpine is a…
cholinergic
nerve gas is a…
cholinergic
signs and symptoms of cholinergics
airway compromise and SLUDGEM
S: sweating and salivation
L: lacrimation (excessive teary eyes)
U: urination
D: defecation and drooling
G: gastric upset and cramps
E: emesis
M: muscle twitching
cholinergic agents do what to the body?
overstimulate the normal body functions controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system
dose for activated charcoal
1 gram per kilogram of body weight
pounds to kilogram conversion factor is…
1 lb = .45 kg
1 kg = 2.2 lb
alcohol is a…
sedative/hypnotic
a narcotic produces what symptoms
sleep or altered mental status
what chemical is in marijuana that makes you high?
THC
signs and symptoms of inhaling or ingesting marijuana
euphoria, relaxed, drowsy
a common hallucinogen is…
LSD
excited is another word for…
agitated
an antidote is…
a substance that is used to neutralize or counteract a poison
4 routes a poison can enter the body
inhalation, absorption, ingestion, and injection
what occurs in alcohol withdrawl?
delirium, fever, sweating, restlessness, agitation, seizures
