GI and Urologic Review Flashcards
define ileus
paralysis of the bowel, unable to move material through the intestine
emesis is another way of saying…
vomiting
diverticulitis is…
inflammation in small pockets at weak areas in the muscle walls of the intestine
symptoms of diverticulitis
left lower quadrant pain, body aches, constipation and bowel obstruction
diverticulitis is the common cause of…
lower GI bleeding
cholecystitis is…
inflammation of the gallbladder
what is an ulcer?
when there is no protective layer and acid eats into the organs.
what occurs with an ulcer?
hematemesis and melena
what is a gallstone?
blocks the outlet of the gallbladder
what are the symptoms of a gallstone?
pain in the upper quadrants, right upper back, and shoulder area.
what causes pancreatitis?
gallstones, alcohol abuse.
symptoms of pancreatitus?
vomiting, upper abdomen pain that radiates to the back, pain worse after eating
symptoms of appendicitis?
localizes in the right lower quadrant, referred pain, rebound tenderness, vomiting and nausea.
what are hemorrhoids?
swelling and inflammation surrounding the rectum, pooping bright red
what is cystitis?
inflammation of the bladder
what is a urinary tract infection?
infection in the lower urinary tract from bacteria
what is uremia?
severe kidney failure
what are kidney stones?
solid crystalline masses trapped in the urinary tract.
what is a hernia?
the protrusion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal body opening.
peritonitis is when…
inflammation of the lining of the abdomen
what is dialysis?
a type of treatment that helps your body remove extra fluid and waste products from your blood when the kidneys are not able to
where is the esophagus located?
between the larynx and stomach
purpose of the pancreas?
provides enzymes to aid in digestion, insulin, and glucagon
purpose of the liver?
poisonous substances are brought here, blood clotting factors, production of plasma, storage of sugar for energy
purpose of the gallbladder?
reservoir and concentrating organ for bile produce
purpose of the appendix?
role in immune system health
describe gastric distension
enlargement of the stomach due to an accumulation of gas, food, or fluid.
what is renal disease?
damage or dysfunction to the kidneys
what is a Mallory-Weiss tear?
a tear in the esophagus
primary risk factors of Mallory-Weiss tear?
alcoholism and eating disorders
what is bulimia?
an eating disorder characterized by binging on large amounts of food, followed by self-induced vomiting
what is esophageal varices?
swollen and enlarged veins in the esophagus
what is a common cause of esophageal varices?
liver disease
what is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
a chronic condition where stomach contents flow back up into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation
what is the principle symptom of GERD?
heart burn
what is the epigastric region?
middle portion of the abdomen between the sternum and the belly button
