Endocrine/Hematologic/Allergic Reaction Review

Question 1

hypersecretion is when…

Answer 1

the body is making too much of a horomone

Question 2

hyposecretion is when…

Answer 2

the body is not making enough of a horomone

Question 3

glucose is the ____ ____ of the body

Answer 3

primary fuel

Question 4

what is insulin?

Answer 4

it enables glucose in the blood to enter cells

Question 5

when a person eats, the level of glucose in the blood ____

Answer 5

rises

Question 6

define diabetes mellitus

Answer 6

a metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates is impaired, usually because of a lack of insulin.

Question 7

what are the 3 types of diabetes?

Answer 7

type I, type II, and pregnancy-induced gestational diabetes.

Question 8

define the difference between hypo/hyperglycemia

Answer 8

hypo= below normal glucose level
hyper= above normal

Question 9

normal blood glucose readings?

Answer 9

60–100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)

Question 10

symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Answer 10

acutely altered mental status, rapid and shallow breathing, pallor and diaphoresis

Question 11

hypoglycemia can occur when…

Answer 11

a patient takes their insulin and does not eat OR the patient takes too much insulin.

Question 12

difference of rates between hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia?

Answer 12

hypo happens much more quickly, while hyper occurs over days.

Question 13

common causes of hypergylcemia?

Answer 13

not taking enough insulin or failure to take any at all

Question 14

signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?

Answer 14

dehydration, tachycardia, warm and dry skin, pallor skin turgor, fruity breath

Question 15

in type I diabetes, the pancreas…

Answer 15

cannot produce insulin

Question 16

what are Kussmaul respirations?

Answer 16

deep, rapid breathing

Question 17

DKA occurs in patients with what type of diabetes?

Answer 17

type I

Question 18

describe diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 18

(DKA) a form of hyperglycemia, acids accumulate when insulin is unavailable.

Question 19

DKA signs/symptoms

Answer 19

generalized illness with abdominal pain, body aches, nausea and vomiting, altered mental status

Question 20

describe hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome

Answer 20

(HHNS) high blood glucose level in those with type II diabetes

Question 21

signs/symptoms HHNS

Answer 21

hyperglycemia, altered mental status, drowsiness, lethargy, severe dehydration, thirst, weakness, seizures

Question 22

acronym for altered mental status?

Answer 22

AEIOU-TIPS

Question 23

define AEIOU-TIPS

Answer 23

alcohol
epilepsy, endocrine, electrolytes
insulin
opiates and other drugs
uremia
trauma and temperature
infection
poisoning, psychogenic causes
shock, stroke, seizure, subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 24

what is sickle cell disease?

Answer 24

a hereditary disease that causes normal, round red blood cells to become sickle shaped

Question 25

what does sickle cell cause?

Answer 25

dysfunction in oxygen bonding and unintentional clot formation

Question 26

what is anemia?

Answer 26

a condition where your body does not have enough red blood cells

Question 27

describe an allergic reaction

Answer 27

the body’s exaggerated immune response to an internal or surface agent

Question 28

two most common signs of anaphylaxis are…

Answer 28

urticaria and angioedema

Question 29

define urticaria

Answer 29

small areas of generalized itching and/or burning that appears as hives

Question 30

define angioedema

Answer 30

localized swelling, usually around eyes and lips

Question 31

how should you remove stingers?

Answer 31

with a flat surface, scraped off

Question 32

after administering epi, what are some side effects?

Answer 32

increased heart rate, anxious, cardiac dysrhythmias, dizzy, chest pain, headache, nausea and vomiting