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EMT > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

angina pain is…

A

a type of chest pain caused by decreased blood flow to the heart.

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2
Q

angina pain can be described by…

A

squeezing, pressure, heaviness, and tightness pain in the chest.

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3
Q

angina pain is the result of…

A

coronary artery disease

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4
Q

describe coronary artery disease

A

when the heart itself is not getting enough oxygen to function.

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5
Q

myocardial infarction is…

A

a heart attack! A blockage of blood flow TO the heart muscle

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6
Q

what are the coronary arteries?

A

blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the heart in order to support the heart itself.

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7
Q

heart dysrhythmias: what is asystole?

A

no electric activity, heart is not beating

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8
Q

heart dysrhythmias: what is ventricular fibrillation?

A

irregular heartbeat, quivers, not pumping blood to the body.

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9
Q

heart dysrhythmias: what is ventricular tachycardia?

A

lower chambers of the heart beat too fast, not pumping enough blood.

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10
Q

heart dysrhythmias: what is PEA?

A

pulseless electrical activity, has activity but cannot pump blood.

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11
Q

heart dysrhythmias: what is atrial fibrillation?

A

irregular and rapid heartbeat

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12
Q

heart dysrhythmias: what is premature ventricular contractions?

A

PVC’s, extra heart beats

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13
Q

heart dysrhythmias: what is atrial flutter?

A

rapid heart beat, short circuit in the upper heart.

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14
Q

describe blood flow through the heart.

A

vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, oxygenated in the lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta

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15
Q

atrium’s job?

A

receive blood

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16
Q

ventricle’s job?

A

pump out blood

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17
Q

oxygenated blood looks like…

A

bright red

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18
Q

deoxygenated blood looks like…

A

dark red

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19
Q

what is cardiac output?

A

a measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute

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20
Q

define perfusion

A

the flow of blood through body tissues and vessels

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21
Q

what is ischemia?

A

decreased blood flow

22
Q

what is atherosclerosis?

A

cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to a partial or complete blockage of blood flow.

23
Q

occlusion is…

A

a blockage

24
Q

what is thromboembolism?

A

a blood clot that has formed within a blood vessel and is floating within the blood stream

25
Q

angina pectoris is…

A

short term chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to the heart. Lasts 3-8 minutes

26
Q

tachycardia is when…

A

rapid heart beat of 100+ beats per minute

27
Q

bradycardia is when…

A

slow heart beat of less than 60 beats per minute

28
Q

describe congestive heart failure

A

the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid into the lungs.

29
Q

any condition that weakens the ___ ___ may cause CHF

A

pumping strength

30
Q

apply AED when…

A

patient is pulseless, not breathing, and not responsive

31
Q

the purpose of a pacemaker is to…

A

maintain regular cardiac rhythm and rate

32
Q

a pacemaker is inserted when…

A

the electrical control system of the heart no longer functions properly.

33
Q

what does a pacemaker look like and where is it located?

A

it looks like a silver dollar under the skin in the upper left portion of the chest.

34
Q

where are automatic implantable cardiac defibrillators located?

A

attach directly to the heart

35
Q

what does an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator do?

A

continuously monitor heart and shock when needed

36
Q

left ventricular assist devices (LVAD’s) are used to…

A

enhance the pumping function of the left ventricle.

37
Q

cardiac arrest is…

A

the complete cessation of cardiac activity

38
Q

chain of survival:

A

-recognition/activation of EMS
-immediate high quality CPR
-rapid defibrillation
-BLS and ALS EMS
-postarrest care
-recovery

39
Q

in left sided heart failure, what happens to the blood?

A

blood backs up into the lungs (pulmonary veins and arteries)

40
Q

in right sided heart failure, what happens to the blood?

A

blood backs up into the body

41
Q

signs and symptoms of left sided heart failure

A

coughing up pink sputum, cyanosis, altered mental status, bilateral crackles, possible high BP, tachycardia and tachypnea, JVD, diaphoresis, chest pain

42
Q

signs and symptoms of right sided heart failure

A

JVD, serous fluid accumulation (ascites and pericardium), tachycardia, peripheral edema, past MI

43
Q

what is ascite?

A

fluid build up in the abdomen cavity

44
Q

what is the function of the pericardium?

A

the sac around the heart that lubricates and protects the heart.

45
Q

what is pericardial effusion?

A

when too much fluid surrounds the heart, putting pressure on the heart.

46
Q

management of CHF?

A

CPAP if tolerated and progressive enough or high flow oxygen, nitro,

47
Q

the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest in adults is…

A

cardiac dysrhythmias, which is why early defibrillation is important.

48
Q

the SA node is responsible for…

A

is primarily responsible for pacemaking the heart and releasing electricity to pace the heart

49
Q

the AV node is responsible for…

A

secondary pacemaker of the heart

50
Q

bradycardia can lead to ____tension

A

hypotension

51
Q

STEMI is?

A

type of heart attack where the coronary artery is completely blocked.

EMT (16 decks)

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