Cardiology

Question 1

angina pain is…

Answer 1

a type of chest pain caused by decreased blood flow to the heart.

Question 2

angina pain can be described by…

Answer 2

squeezing, pressure, heaviness, and tightness pain in the chest.

Question 3

angina pain is the result of…

Answer 3

coronary artery disease

Question 4

describe coronary artery disease

Answer 4

when the heart itself is not getting enough oxygen to function.

Question 5

myocardial infarction is…

Answer 5

a heart attack! A blockage of blood flow TO the heart muscle

Question 6

what are the coronary arteries?

Answer 6

blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the heart in order to support the heart itself.

Question 7

heart dysrhythmias: what is asystole?

Answer 7

no electric activity, heart is not beating

Question 8

heart dysrhythmias: what is ventricular fibrillation?

Answer 8

irregular heartbeat, quivers, not pumping blood to the body.

Question 9

heart dysrhythmias: what is ventricular tachycardia?

Answer 9

lower chambers of the heart beat too fast, not pumping enough blood.

Question 10

heart dysrhythmias: what is PEA?

Answer 10

pulseless electrical activity, has activity but cannot pump blood.

Question 11

heart dysrhythmias: what is atrial fibrillation?

Answer 11

irregular and rapid heartbeat

Question 12

heart dysrhythmias: what is premature ventricular contractions?

Answer 12

PVC’s, extra heart beats

Question 13

heart dysrhythmias: what is atrial flutter?

Answer 13

rapid heart beat, short circuit in the upper heart.

Question 14

describe blood flow through the heart.

Answer 14

vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, oxygenated in the lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta

Question 15

atrium’s job?

Answer 15

receive blood

Question 16

ventricle’s job?

Answer 16

pump out blood

Question 17

oxygenated blood looks like…

Answer 17

bright red

Question 18

deoxygenated blood looks like…

Answer 18

dark red

Question 19

what is cardiac output?

Answer 19

a measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute

Question 20

define perfusion

Answer 20

the flow of blood through body tissues and vessels

Question 21

what is ischemia?

Answer 21

decreased blood flow

Question 22

what is atherosclerosis?

Answer 22

cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to a partial or complete blockage of blood flow.

Question 23

occlusion is…

Answer 23

a blockage

Question 24

what is thromboembolism?

Answer 24

a blood clot that has formed within a blood vessel and is floating within the blood stream

Question 25

angina pectoris is...

Answer 25

short term chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to the heart. Lasts 3-8 minutes

Question 26

tachycardia is when...

Answer 26

rapid heart beat of 100+ beats per minute

Question 27

bradycardia is when...

Answer 27

slow heart beat of less than 60 beats per minute

Question 28

describe congestive heart failure

Answer 28

the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid into the lungs.

Question 29

any condition that weakens the ___ ___ may cause CHF

Answer 29

pumping strength

Question 30

apply AED when...

Answer 30

patient is pulseless, not breathing, and not responsive

Question 31

the purpose of a pacemaker is to...

Answer 31

maintain regular cardiac rhythm and rate

Question 32

a pacemaker is inserted when...

Answer 32

the electrical control system of the heart no longer functions properly.

Question 33

what does a pacemaker look like and where is it located?

Answer 33

it looks like a silver dollar under the skin in the upper left portion of the chest.

Question 34

where are automatic implantable cardiac defibrillators located?

Answer 34

attach directly to the heart

Question 35

what does an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator do?

Answer 35

continuously monitor heart and shock when needed

Question 36

left ventricular assist devices (LVAD's) are used to...

Answer 36

enhance the pumping function of the left ventricle.

Question 37

cardiac arrest is...

Answer 37

the complete cessation of cardiac activity

Question 38

chain of survival:

Answer 38

-recognition/activation of EMS -immediate high quality CPR -rapid defibrillation -BLS and ALS EMS -postarrest care -recovery

Question 39

in left sided heart failure, what happens to the blood?

Answer 39

blood backs up into the lungs (pulmonary veins and arteries)

Question 40

in right sided heart failure, what happens to the blood?

Answer 40

blood backs up into the body

Question 41

signs and symptoms of left sided heart failure

Answer 41

coughing up pink sputum, cyanosis, altered mental status, bilateral crackles, possible high BP, tachycardia and tachypnea, JVD, diaphoresis, chest pain

Question 42

signs and symptoms of right sided heart failure

Answer 42

JVD, serous fluid accumulation (ascites and pericardium), tachycardia, peripheral edema, past MI

Question 43

what is ascite?

Answer 43

fluid build up in the abdomen cavity

Question 44

what is the function of the pericardium?

Answer 44

the sac around the heart that lubricates and protects the heart.

Question 45

what is pericardial effusion?

Answer 45

when too much fluid surrounds the heart, putting pressure on the heart.

Question 46

management of CHF?

Answer 46

CPAP if tolerated and progressive enough or high flow oxygen, nitro,

Question 47

the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest in adults is...

Answer 47

cardiac dysrhythmias, which is why early defibrillation is important.

Question 48

the SA node is responsible for...

Answer 48

is primarily responsible for pacemaking the heart and releasing electricity to pace the heart

Question 49

the AV node is responsible for...

Answer 49

secondary pacemaker of the heart

Question 50

bradycardia can lead to ____tension

Answer 50

hypotension

Question 51

STEMI is?

Answer 51

type of heart attack where the coronary artery is completely blocked.

Question 52

what is stable angina?

Answer 52

refers to chest pain that occurs predictably during exertion or stress and usually subsides with rest

Question 53

what is unstable angina?

Answer 53

chest pain can happen at any time, even while resting, and may not be relieved by rest or medication

Question 54

what is vasospasm occlusion?

Answer 54

narrowing of the arteries

Question 55

what special finding occurs with LVAD's

Answer 55

no palpable pulses

Question 56

what is an aortic aneurysm?

Answer 56

a bulge or enlargement in the wall of the aorta

Question 57

what is a dissecting aortic aneurysm?

Answer 57

a life-threatening condition where the inner layer of the aorta tears and separates from the other layers

Question 58

describe the preload of the heart

Answer 58

volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole

Question 59

describe the afterload of the heart

Answer 59

resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood

Question 60

describe stroke volume

Answer 60

the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each cardiac cycle

Question 61

describe cardiac output

Answer 61

the amount of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute

Question 62

in regards to the ECG, what is artifact?

Answer 62

electrical interference that can make it difficult to diagnosis

Question 63

what do baroreceptors do?

Answer 63

regulate the blood pressure!