Airway/O2/Respiration Review

Question 1

dyspnea means…

Answer 1

shortness of breath

Question 2

without adequate O2, the cells do not completely convert _____ into energy, and ____ ____ and other toxins accumulate in the cell

Answer 2

glucose and lactic acid

Question 3

what is hypercardia?

Answer 3

increased O2 levels in the blood

Question 4

what is a pulmonary embolism?

Answer 4

a blood clot blocks an artery in the lungs (accumulation of poor blood)

Question 5

key signs/symptoms of pulmonary embolism?

Answer 5

high HR, low BP, SOB, chest pain, coughing up blood

Question 6

most common cause of pulmonary embolism?

Answer 6

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Question 7

define deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Answer 7

a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs

Question 8

nasal cannula flow rate and % of oxygen?

Answer 8

1-6 L and 24-44%

Question 9

nonrebreathing mask flow rate and % of oxygen?

Answer 9

10-15 L and 90%

Question 10

BVM flow rate and % of oxygen?

Answer 10

15 L and almost 100%

Question 11

noninvasive means of providing ventilatory support for patients experiencing respiratory distress

Answer 11

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Question 12

indications to use CPAP

Answer 12

respiratory distress, alert and follow commands, breathing rapidly, <90% O2 saturation levels

Question 13

contraindications to use CPAP

Answer 13

respiratory arrest, agonal respirations, slow rate, unresponsive, chest trauma, cannot sit up

Question 14

we use CPAP when…

Answer 14

asthma, COPD, CHF, pneumonia

Question 15

pulmonary edema is when…

Answer 15

fluid builds up in the lungs!

Question 16

signs/symptoms of pulmonary edema

Answer 16

high BP, high HR, SOB, chest pain, sweating, edema in lower extremities

Question 17

when an adult has a foreign body airway obstruction, you should perform…

Answer 17

abdominal thrusts

Question 18

a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible

Answer 18

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 19

collection of fluid outside the lungs (in the pleural cavity, between the chest wall and lungs)

Answer 19

pleural effusion

Question 20

patients with pleural effusion will feel better by…

Answer 20

sitting up

Question 21

upper airway viral disease, partial airway obstruction with a barking cough; usually seen in children with a swollen larynx and trachea

Answer 21

croup

Question 22

bacterial infection where the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged potentially causing an upper airway obstruction.

Answer 22

epiglottitis

Question 23

the upper airway consists of…

Answer 23

nose, mouth, jaw, oral cavity, pharynx and ends at the larynx

Question 24

the lower airway consists of…

Answer 24

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

Question 25

infection of lungs and breathing pathways, highly contagious, leads to other illnesses

Answer 25

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Question 26

severe inflammation of the bronchioles, occurs in toddlers or younger children

Answer 26

bronchiolitis

Question 27

infection in the lungs that damages lung tissue. Impairs ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer 27

pneumonia

Question 28

risk factors of pneumonia

Answer 28

institutional residence, recent hospitalization, chronic disease, immune system compromise, history of COPD

Question 29

whooping cough, airborne bacterial infection in children <6 y/o

Answer 29

pertussis

Question 30

causes fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, headache, fatigue

Answer 30

influenza type A

Question 31

two types of COPD

Answer 31

emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 32

a disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventually destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer 32

emphysema

Question 33

an acute spasm of the smaller air passages, associated with excessive mucus production and swelling of air passages

Answer 33

asthma

Question 34

asthma creates what kind of lung sounds

Answer 34

wheezing! lower airway!

Question 35

airway swelling and dilation of the blood vessels

Answer 35

anaphylactic reaction

Question 36

-partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space -caused by medical or trauma, suddenly -reports chest pain, sharp stabbing pain, worsens with deep breath

Answer 36

spontaneous pneumothorax

Question 37

risk factors of pulmonary embolism

Answer 37

pregnancy, active cancer, and best rest

Question 38

when you inhale, your diaphragm _____ and your intercostal muscles contract _____

Answer 38

diaphragm contracts downward and your intercostal muscles contract and go outward.

Question 39

angina pain is...

Answer 39

chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart

Question 40

agonal breathing can be described as...

Answer 40

gasping breathing noises, labored breathing, and strange vocalizations.

Question 41

orthopnea is when...

Answer 41

patient has difficulty breathing when laying down.

Question 42

describe paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

Answer 42

when a patient has an episode of difficulty breathing while sleeping that awakes the patient.

Question 43

residual volume is...

Answer 43

the amount of air remaining in your lungs following a complete exhalation

Question 44

tidal volume is...

Answer 44

the amount of air that your lungs move in and out with one breath

Question 45

vital capacity is...

Answer 45

the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after an inhalation.

Question 46

classic signs of emphysema are...

Answer 46

pursed lips and barrel shaped chest

Question 47

snoring is most common in...

Answer 47

unresponsive adults with their tongue blocking their airway

Question 48

when you are breathing on your own, what kind of pressure occurs?

Answer 48

negative pressure ventilation

Question 49

when you need to ventilate your patient, like a bag-valve mask, what kind of pressure occurs?

Answer 49

positive pressure ventilation

Question 50

positive pressure ventilation _____ intrathoracic pressure.

Answer 50

increases

Question 51

What is surfactant?

Answer 51

a compound that lines the inside of the alveoli. It reduces surface tension and allows alveoli to expand and recoil easily.

Question 52

What is the purpose of the alveoli?

Answer 52

facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs

Question 53

describe a larynospasm

Answer 53

involuntary contraction of the vocal cords that causes the airway to narrow or close temporarily

Question 54

in a healthy person, what stimulates you to breath?

Answer 54

arterial carbon dioxide levels increasing

Question 55

describe status asthmaticus

Answer 55

a severe, life-threatening exacerbation of asthma that does not respond to standard treatments. Also called acute severe asthma

Question 56

common vitals of status asthmaticus

Answer 56

hypercarbia, hypoxemia, wheezing and SOB

Question 57

physiologic effects of CPAP

Answer 57

opening collapsed alveoli, pushing more oxygen in the body, and pushing more fluid through the pulmonary circulation

Question 58

describe bronchial constriction

Answer 58

a narrowing of the airways that carry air to and from the lungs

Question 59

what is a flail chest and treatment?

Answer 59

ribs are broken causing the chest wall to move independently from other parts of the chest. positive pressure ventilations

Question 60

what is a hemopneumothorax?

Answer 60

where both blood and air accumulate in the pleural space

Question 61

what is a pneumothorax?

Answer 61

a condition where air accumulates in the space between the lung and the chest wall

Question 62

what is a tension pneumothorax?

Answer 62

where air accumulates in the pleural space and creates pressure that compresses the lung and heart

Question 63

what is atelectasis?

Answer 63

part or all of the lung collapses, causing a reduction in gas exchange