Airway/O2/Respiration Review Flashcards
dyspnea means…
shortness of breath
without adequate O2, the cells do not completely convert _____ into energy, and ____ ____ and other toxins accumulate in the cell
glucose and lactic acid
what is hypercardia?
increased O2 levels in the blood
what is a pulmonary embolism?
a blood clot blocks an artery in the lungs (accumulation of poor blood)
key signs/symptoms of pulmonary embolism?
high HR, low BP, SOB, chest pain, coughing up blood
most common cause of pulmonary embolism?
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
define deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs
nasal cannula flow rate and % of oxygen?
1-6 L and 24-44%
nonrebreathing mask flow rate and % of oxygen?
10-15 L and 90%
BVM flow rate and % of oxygen?
15 L and almost 100%
noninvasive means of providing ventilatory support for patients experiencing respiratory distress
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
indications to use CPAP
respiratory distress, alert and follow commands, breathing rapidly, <90% O2 saturation levels
contraindications to use CPAP
respiratory arrest, agonal respirations, slow rate, unresponsive, chest trauma, cannot sit up
we use CPAP when…
asthma, COPD, CHF, pneumonia
pulmonary edema is when…
fluid builds up in the lungs!
signs/symptoms of pulmonary edema
high BP, high HR, SOB, chest pain, sweating, edema in lower extremities
when an adult has a foreign body airway obstruction, you should perform…
abdominal thrusts
a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
collection of fluid outside the lungs (in the pleural cavity, between the chest wall and lungs)
pleural effusion
patients with pleural effusion will feel better by…
sitting up
upper airway viral disease, partial airway obstruction with a barking cough; usually seen in children with a swollen larynx and trachea
croup
bacterial infection where the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged potentially causing an upper airway obstruction.
epiglottitis
the upper airway consists of…
nose, mouth, jaw, oral cavity, pharynx and ends at the larynx
the lower airway consists of…
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
infection of lungs and breathing pathways, highly contagious, leads to other illnesses
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
severe inflammation of the bronchioles, occurs in toddlers or younger children
bronchiolitis
infection in the lungs that damages lung tissue. Impairs ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
pneumonia
risk factors of pneumonia
institutional residence, recent hospitalization, chronic disease, immune system compromise, history of COPD
whooping cough, airborne bacterial infection in children <6 y/o
pertussis
causes fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, headache, fatigue
influenza type A
two types of COPD
emphysema and chronic bronchitis
a disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventually destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
emphysema
an acute spasm of the smaller air passages, associated with excessive mucus production and swelling of air passages
asthma
asthma creates what kind of lung sounds
wheezing! lower airway!
airway swelling and dilation of the blood vessels
anaphylactic reaction
-partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space
-caused by medical or trauma, suddenly
-reports chest pain, sharp stabbing pain, worsens with deep breath
spontaneous pneumothorax
risk factors of pulmonary embolism
pregnancy, active cancer, and best rest
when you inhale, your diaphragm _____ and your intercostal muscles contract _____
diaphragm contracts downward and your intercostal muscles contract and go outward.
angina pain is…
chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart
agonal breathing can be described as…
gasping breathing noises, labored breathing, and strange vocalizations.
orthopnea is when…
patient has difficulty breathing when laying down.
describe paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.
when a patient has an episode of difficulty breathing while sleeping that awakes the patient.
residual volume is…
the amount of air remaining in your lungs following a complete exhalation
tidal volume is…
the amount of air that your lungs move in and out with one breath
vital capacity is…
the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after an inhalation.
classic signs of emphysema are…
pursed lips and barrel shaped chest
snoring is most common in…
unresponsive adults with their tongue blocking their airway
when you are breathing on your own, what kind of pressure occurs?
negative pressure ventilation
when you need to ventilate your patient, like a bag-valve mask, what kind of pressure occurs?
positive pressure ventilation
positive pressure ventilation _____ intrathoracic pressure.
increases
What is surfactant?
a compound that lines the inside of the alveoli. It reduces surface tension and allows alveoli to expand and recoil easily.
What is the purpose of the alveoli?
facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs
describe a larynospasm
involuntary contraction of the vocal cords that causes the airway to narrow or close temporarily
in a healthy person, what stimulates you to breath?
arterial carbon dioxide levels increasing
describe status asthmaticus
a severe, life-threatening exacerbation of asthma that does not respond to standard treatments. Also called acute severe asthma
common vitals of status asthmaticus
hypercarbia, hypoxemia, wheezing and SOB
physiologic effects of CPAP
opening collapsed alveoli, pushing more oxygen in the body, and pushing more fluid through the pulmonary circulation
describe bronchial constriction
a narrowing of the airways that carry air to and from the lungs
what is a flail chest and treatment?
ribs are broken causing the chest wall to move independently from other parts of the chest. positive pressure ventilations
what is a hemopneumothorax?
where both blood and air accumulate in the pleural space
what is a pneumothorax?
a condition where air accumulates in the space between the lung and the chest wall
what is a tension pneumothorax?
where air accumulates in the pleural space and creates pressure that compresses the lung and heart
what is atelectasis?
part or all of the lung collapses, causing a reduction in gas exchange
