Shock/Bleeding Review

Question 1

a condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions.

Answer 1

shock

Question 2

another term for shock

Answer 2

hypoperfusion

Question 3

define perfusion

Answer 3

the flow of blood through body tissues and vessels; delivery of oxygen and removal of toxic waste.

Question 4

the perfusion triangle consists of…

Answer 4

a pump (the heart), set of pipes (blood vessels/arteries), and contents (blood)

Question 5

causes of shock

Answer 5

pump failure, low fluid volume, poor vessel function

Question 6

type of shock: not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart

Answer 6

cardiogenic shock

Question 7

the presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in the body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area.

Answer 7

edema

Question 8

cardiogenic shock occurs when…

Answer 8

the heart cannot maintain a sufficient output to meet the demands of the body.

Question 9

type of shock: occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues.

Answer 9

obstructive shock

Question 10

most common examples of obstructive shock…

Answer 10

pulmonary embolism, cardia tamponade, tension pneumothorax.

Question 11

type of shock: occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both.

Answer 11

distributive shock

Question 12

what are the types of distributive shock?

Answer 12

septic shock, neurogenic shock, anaphylactic shock, and psychogenic shock

Question 13

define septic shock

Answer 13

caused by severe infection

Question 14

define neurogenic shock

Answer 14

circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves

Question 15

define anaphylactic shock

Answer 15

occurs when a person reacts quickly to a substance to which they have been sensitized.

Question 16

define psychogenic shock

Answer 16

shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope)

Question 17

type of shock: low blood volume, due to massive internal/external bleeding, results in inadequate perfusion.

Answer 17

hypovolemic shock

Question 18

early stages of shock =

Answer 18

compensated shock

Question 19

late stages of shock =

Answer 19

decompensated shock

Question 20

signs/symptoms of compensated shock

Answer 20

-agitation
-weak and rapid pulse
-clammy skin
-shallow and rapid breathing
-nausea or vomiting
-narrowing BP

Question 21

signs/symptoms of decompensated shock

Answer 21

-falling BP
-altered LOC
-cyanotic or ashen skin
-thready or absent pulse
-labored or irregular breathing
-dilated pupils

Question 22

if a patient is on blood pressure medication, what danger occurs to them if they are going in shock?

Answer 22

prevents the heart rate from rising to compensate for shock.

Question 23

treatment for shock?

Answer 23

lay supine, keep warm, high flow O2, and rapid transport

Question 24

when bleeding occurs, what vital signs change?

Answer 24

increased heart rate and respiratory rate, decreased BP

Question 25

formation of clots to plug openings in injured blood vessels and stop blood flow

Answer 25

coagulation

Question 26

a hereditary condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the blood’s normal clotting factors.

Answer 26

hemophilia

Question 27

a mass of blood that has collected within damaged tissues beneath the skin of in a body cavity.

Answer 27

hematoma

Question 28

blood in the urine

Answer 28

hematuria

Question 29

hematemesis

Answer 29

vomiting of blood

Question 30

hemoptysis

Answer 30

coughing blood

Question 31

black, foul-smelling, tarry stool containing digested blood

Answer 31

melena

Question 32

thrombosis is when…

Answer 32

a blood clot blocks the flow in the arterial or venous system.

Question 33

what is an embolus?

Answer 33

a blood clot in the circulatory system that breaks off from a thrombus