Shock/Bleeding Review Flashcards
a condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions.
shock
another term for shock
hypoperfusion
define perfusion
the flow of blood through body tissues and vessels; delivery of oxygen and removal of toxic waste.
the perfusion triangle consists of…
a pump (the heart), set of pipes (blood vessels/arteries), and contents (blood)
causes of shock
pump failure, low fluid volume, poor vessel function
type of shock: not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart
cardiogenic shock
the presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in the body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area.
edema
cardiogenic shock occurs when…
the heart cannot maintain a sufficient output to meet the demands of the body.
type of shock: occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues.
obstructive shock
most common examples of obstructive shock…
pulmonary embolism, cardia tamponade, tension pneumothorax.
type of shock: occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both.
distributive shock
what are the types of distributive shock?
septic shock, neurogenic shock, anaphylactic shock, and psychogenic shock
define septic shock
caused by severe infection
define neurogenic shock
circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves
define anaphylactic shock
occurs when a person reacts quickly to a substance to which they have been sensitized.
define psychogenic shock
shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope)
type of shock: low blood volume, due to massive internal/external bleeding, results in inadequate perfusion.
hypovolemic shock
early stages of shock =
compensated shock
late stages of shock =
decompensated shock
signs/symptoms of compensated shock
-agitation
-weak and rapid pulse
-clammy skin
-shallow and rapid breathing
-nausea or vomiting
-narrowing BP
signs/symptoms of decompensated shock
-falling BP
-altered LOC
-cyanotic or ashen skin
-thready or absent pulse
-labored or irregular breathing
-dilated pupils
if a patient is on blood pressure medication, what danger occurs to them if they are going in shock?
prevents the heart rate from rising to compensate for shock.
treatment for shock?
lay supine, keep warm, high flow O2, and rapid transport
when bleeding occurs, what vital signs change?
increased heart rate and respiratory rate, decreased BP
formation of clots to plug openings in injured blood vessels and stop blood flow
coagulation
a hereditary condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the blood’s normal clotting factors.
hemophilia
a mass of blood that has collected within damaged tissues beneath the skin of in a body cavity.
hematoma
blood in the urine
hematuria
hematemesis
vomiting of blood
hemoptysis
coughing blood
black, foul-smelling, tarry stool containing digested blood
melena
thrombosis is when…
a blood clot blocks the flow in the arterial or venous system.
what is an embolus?
a blood clot in the circulatory system that breaks off from a thrombus
what is your body’s response to inadequate perfusion?
increased respiratory rate and releasing catecholamines (epi and nonrepi)
