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EMT > Neurologic Review > Flashcards

Neurologic Review Flashcards

1
Q

the brain is divided into 3 parts. What are they?

A

brainstem, the cerebellum, and the cerebrum.

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2
Q

the brainstem controls…

A

the most basic functions of the body and vitals

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3
Q

the cerebellum controls…

A

muscle and body coordination

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4
Q

the cerebrum controls…

A

emotion, thought, sensation, movement, sight, speech

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5
Q

messages sent to and from the brain travel though ____

A

nerves

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6
Q

define a stroke

A

an interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function

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7
Q

two types of strokes are…

A

ischemic and hemorrhagic

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8
Q

an ischemic stroke occurs when…

A

blood flow through the cerebral arteries is blocked

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9
Q

two types of ischemic stroke are…

A

thrombotic (local) and embolic (traveled)

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10
Q

a hemorrhagic stroke occurs when…

A

bleeding inside the brain itself

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11
Q

what is a transient ischemic attack?

A

(TIA) a disorder in the brain in which brain cells temporarily stop functioning because of insufficient oxygen, causing stroke like symptoms that resolve in 24 hours.

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12
Q

BE FAST stands for…

A

balance, eyes (loss of vision in one or both eyes), fascial droop, arms, speech, time

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13
Q

outside of BE FAST, what are other symptoms of a stroke?

A

confusion, difficulty swallowing, decreased LOC, aphasia, and severe/sudden headache.

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14
Q

what is aphasia?

A

a disorder that makes it difficult to speak, write, read, or understand.

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15
Q

what conditions might mimic a stroke?

A

hypoglycemia, postictal state, subdural or epidural bleeding

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16
Q

what is an epidural hematoma?

A

bleeding between the skill and dura mater

17
Q

symptoms of an epidural hematoma are…

A

immediate and severe following a trauma

18
Q

what is a subdural hematoma?

A

bleeding between the brain and dura mater

19
Q

symptoms of subdural hematoma are…

A

come days after injury

20
Q

what is an intracerebral hematoma?

A

bleeding within the brain itself

21
Q

symptoms of an intracerebral hematoma are…

A

immediate

22
Q

define a seizure

A

a neurologic episode caused by a surge of electrical activity in the brain

23
Q

what is epilepsy?

A

common cause of seizures, abnormal electrical discharges occurring in the brain

24
Q

what is a generalized seizure?

A

severe twitching of all the body’s muscles that may last several minutes or more.

25
Q

what is a focal seizure?

A

affecting a limited portion of the brain, may experience no LOC, numbness or dizziness, paralysis briefly.

26
Q

describe aura

A

a sensation experienced before a seizure; serves as a warning sign that a seizure is about to occur.

27
Q

seizures that last more than ___ minute are at risk for ____

A

5 minutes, status epilepticus

28
Q

status epilepticus is when…

A

seizures recur every few minutes or last longer than 30 minutes; life threatening!

29
Q

cushing’s triad occurs when…

A

intracranial pressure (ICP), increased pressure on the brain

30
Q

cushing’s triad is…

A

bradycardia, hypertension, irregular breathing

31
Q

the most effective way to reduce the chance of another seizure following on is…

A

high flow oxygen

32
Q

what is a febrile seizure?

A

a seizure caused by an acute fever spike, typically occur in children younger than 6 years old.

33
Q

if blood is coming from the nose and ears following a head trauma, how should that be managed?

A

Loosely cover the nose and ears with gauze, never try to stop the bleeding! Keeps contaminants out!

34
Q

what “vital sign” will provide you with the most information regarding the patient’s condition following a head injury?

A

mental status

EMT (16 decks)

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