درس شانزدهم Towns and cities

Question 1

Describing towns and cities for visitors

Answer 1

Look at these extracts from a magazine article about tourist cities.

Question 2

The city skyline is a wonderful mix of old and new, and the city itself has a lot of
busy, narrow cobbled streets. The old town is a conservation area and it has a
lot of quaint old buildings dating back to the city’s foundation in the 1500s.

Skyline: A shape or pattern made against the sky, especilly by buildings.

Answer 2

cobbled streets: made of a regular pattern of stones

خیابان های سنگفرش شده
**quaint: **attractive because of being unusual and especially old-fashioned

Question 3

Doradella Street has a lot of upmarket shops and rather pricey, sometimes
overpriced, restaurants, but not far away is the Genasia district, where you’ll find
restaurants which offer good value and a more relaxed atmosphere.

Answer 3

upmarket shops: for people with expensive tastes
Pricey: expensive, in a negative sense

Question 4

Royal Avenue runs from north to south, and is lined with shops. Behind it, the
streets are full of lively bars and fashionable clubs. The pavement cafés and
shops of Luna Square are pleasant but very expensive

Answer 4

Avenue runs~ Direct Path
Line with shops: در امتدادش مغازس
Lively bars: Full of energy بارهای یاحال و سرزنده
Fashionable club: مد روز
Pavement cafe: کافه هایی که میزصندلیاش بیرونه

Question 5

As you drive into the city, the tree-lined avenues of the** residential areas** are
soon replaced by the high-rise flats of the inner city. Then come the** imposing buildings** of the Parliament and government departments.

Answer 5

high-rise flats:‌مرتفع
inner city:central part of a city where poorer people live and where there are oft en social problems

Question 6

Towns and cities and their problems

Answer 6

Here are some descriptions of the more negative aspects of towns and cities.
Some of the inner-city areas are an urban wasteland (1) and are somewhat dangerous for visitors. In fact some streets have become no-go (2) areas, with high crime. Many streets are strewn with litter (3) and there are numerous run-down (4) buildings. There are some deprived (5) areas round the city centre with huge social problems. The industrial zones which lie on the edge of the city are grey and polluted.

1. a city area which is empty and in a bad condition
2. where the police and other authorities are afraid to enter
3. پر از زباله
4. in very bad condition
5. not having the things that are necessary for a pleasant life, e.g. enough money, good living conditions

Question 7

Triope is a sprawling (1) city with bumper-to-bumper (2) traffic all day long. The exhaust fumes can be a nightmare. The volume of traffic has increased in recent years and the incessant roar(3) of trucks and buses makes the city centre an extremely noisy place. The comfortable suburbs (4) away from the city centre contrast sharply with the poor shanty towns(5) one sees on the way to the airport.

Answer 7

sprawling: spread over a large area (slightly negative) شهر وسیع/شهر گل و گشاد ، بی دروپیکر
bumper-to-bumper:‌so many cars and so close that they are almost touching each otherشلوغ، سپر به سپر، ماشین پشت سر ماشین، شاخ به شاخ، ماشین پشت سر ماشین
exhaust fumes:
incessant roar: very loud noise which never stops
سرو صدای همیشگی ( معمولا در شهرهای بزرگ یا کارخونه های تولیدی پرسرو صدا)
comfortable suburbs: a place from which many people travel in order to work in a bigger town or city
shanty towns: حصیرآباد، کوخگاه، گدامحله، بیغوله
very poor houses made of discarded materials (e.g. tin, cardboard, plastic, etc.)

Question 8

1 What might prevent you from sleeping in a house near a busy motorway?
2 Exhaust fumes will get worse if what increases?
3 What is the opposite of a restaurant which is good value?
4 What kind of area with poor, home-made houses could certainly be called a deprived area?
5 If an area is very interesting historically, what may it officially be called?
6 What is another way of saying an expensive restaurant?
7 What do we call blocks of flats which have many storeys, perhaps 20 or more?
8 What adjective could be used about an attractive and perhaps slightly unusual old building?

Answer 8

1. The incessant roar of the traffic
2. (The volume) of traffic
3. an over-priced resturant
4. Shanty town
5. conservation area
6. a pricey restaurant
7. High-rise flats
8. Quaint