درس پنجم Register

Question 1

Often, collocations rather than individual words suggest a particular register.

Answer 1

For example, phrases using pretty meaning fairly sound informal when used with negative adjectives (pretty awful, pretty dreadful, pretty dull), and are typical of spoken English. فقط تو محاوره کاربرد داره
Intensifier Adj
Quite: Less intensive
Pretty
Fairly (Not so ) نه خیلی کم نه زیاد
اینتنسیفایرها یکیم از شدتش میکاهن

Question 2

A: Spoken English
Here are some more collocations which are almost exclusively found in spoken English.

Answer 2

• I’m bored stiff* in this lesson! (* Extremely bored)
• You badly need a haircut!
• I’ll have a think about it and let you know.
• Give me a ring* when you get home. (give me a phone call)

Question 3

B: Formal English
Some collocations are typical of formal English and are most likely to be found in an official, often legal, context, such as in notices.

Answer 3

• Passengers must not alight from the bus whilst it is in motion.
  [get off the bus]
  اتوبوس در حالیکه حرکت داره نباید از اتوبوس پیاده شن
• CYCLISTS must dismount here [get off their bicycles]
• Trespassers will be prosecuted [people who go onto someone’s land or enter their building without permission will be taken to court]
• Please dispose of* unwanted items in the receptacle** provided
• throw away
  ** container used for storing or putting objects in

Question 4

C: Newspaper English
Some collocations – particularly ones that use short, dramatic words – are found mainly in newspapers. In most cases, they would not normally be used in everyday conversation.

Answer 4

• COMPUTER FACTORY TO AXE JOBS
  [make staff redundant] اخراج کردن ، کارمندارو اضافی تلقی کردن

*AIRLINE SLASHES PRICES
[cuts prices drastically] قیمت ها رو شکستن

*Government spending will rocket this year

*POLICE CRACK DOWN ON SPEEDING
[start dealing with it in a more severe way]
سختگیری بیشتری راجع به سرعت بالا
* POLICE QUIZ 16-YEAR OLD IN MURDER ENQUIRY
[ask questions]

• FLU OUTBREAK (شیوع) HITS SOUTHERN EUROPE
  اروپای جنوبی درگیر سیوع فلو شده

Question 5

D: Business English
Some collocations are characteristic of business English.

Answer 5

• to submit a tender
  [present a document offering to do a job and stating the price] ارسال مناقصه
• to raise capital [get money to put into a business] سرمایه گذاری کردن
• to go into partnership with someone [agree to start or run a business with someone]
  *to start up a business