درس دهم Synonyms and confusable words 1 Flashcards
Common synonym pairs
The (a) and (b) words in each pair in the table have similar meanings.
Sometimes either word can be used in a sentence to give the same meaning, but in the collocations below only one word is possible.
(a) close
(b) shut
A
**(a) close
The chairperson closed the meeting at 4.30. [We close meetings/discussions/ conferences, etc.]
(b) shut
She was very rude. She said ‘Shut your mouth!’ [impolite way of telling someone not
to speak]
A dentist might ask you to close your mouth. Shut is generally more informal.
In session endings:
1. I guess we’ll finish here
2. I think we’ve covered everything on the list.
3. If no one has anything to add, then I think we’ll wrap this up.
(a) start
(b) begin
It was a cold morning and I could not start my car.
[Start, NOT begin, is used for** engines and vehicles**.
Before the universe began, time and space did not exist.
[Begin is preferred in more formal and abstract contexts.]
Begin برای چیزایی که مفاهیم انتزاعی هستند و در ذهنمان ظاهر فیزیکی ندارند
(a) big
(b) large
It was a big decision to make.
There were some big problems to solve
I wanted the sweater in the large size but they only had medium.
(a) end
(b) finish
The film ended with the hero dying.
They ended their relationship a year ago.
[End here means decide to stop.]
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
[Finish here means complete.]
end: terminate
finish: complete
Groups of words with similar meanings
Words meaning ‘old’
I met an old friend the other day. It’s a very **old building.
She studied ancient history. In ancient times, life was very hard.
This shop sells antique furniture. She collects antique jewellery. [old and valuable]
I helped an elderly person who was trying to cross the road. [elderly** is more polite than old]
Words meaning ‘with no one or nothing else or with nothing similar’
Donna is a single parent; it’s difficult for her to work full time.
He lives in a very** lonely place/spot up in the mountains. دنج
At first I felt desperately lonely **when I moved from London to the **countryside.
I live alone, but I don’t like travelling alone; it’s nice to be with someone.
There was just one solitary figure ** on the otherwise deserted beach. [one person on their own]
She was the **sole survivor of the crash. Everyone else died. [only survivor**]
I am an only child; I sometimes wonder what it would be like to have a brother or sister.
This is a unique occasion, with three past Prime Ministers all together in one room.
(a) charge
(b) load
I need to** charge** my phone.
[used for batteries, electrical items]
They loaded the lorry and drove away. [used for cargoes, lorries, vans, ships, etc.
and for weapons]
(a) injure
(b) damage
Three** injured people** were taken to hospital after the accident.
[collocates with words to do with people]
The shop tried to sell me a damaged sofa but** I noticed it just in time**.
[collocates with words for things]
(a) grow
(b) raise
In the south the farmers grow crops.
[collocates with crops, plants]
In the north the farmers mostly raise cattle.
[collocates with animals, children]
1 a ……………………………………….. figure on the horizon
2 a shop selling ……………………………………….. furniture
3 to be an ……………………………………….. child
4 the ……………………………………….. survivor of the accident
5 to study ……………………………………….. history
6 to live ………………………………………..
7 to feel desperately ……………………………………….
8 to catch up with ……………………………………….. friends
9 support for ……………………………………….. parents
10 a home for ……………………………………….. people
1 a .Solitary. figure on the horizon
2 a shop selling .antique. furniture
3 to be an .only. child
4 the .sole. survivor of the accident
5 to study .ancient. history
6 to live .alone.
7 to feel desperately .lonely..
8 to catch up with .old friends
9 support for .single. parents
[elderly parents is also a possible collocation]
10 a home for .Elderly. people
