درس اول - Collocations in Use Intermediate Flashcards
Strongly
عقیده درباره چیزی رو عمیقا داشتن
With verbs stating your belief
- I strongly believe that you need to do this.
- I would strongly recommend that you learn a foreign language
- I strongly support this perspective.
To make arrangement for something
مقدمات چیزی رو فراهم کردن
- I made arrangements for my students to attend my classes.
- The school can make arrangements for students with special needs.
No word other than take collocates with photo to give the same meaning
Take a Photo
Keep To rules
Stick to the rules
Make an effort
made a few mistakes
Attempt
Do wrong things
Ancient Monuments
for Travel & City subjects
idiom
Pass the buck
- Pass the responsibility
- Make another person decide something
- put the duty or blame on someone else
- to pass responsibility for a problem to another person
- to avoid dealing with it oneself
For saying about prohibition
- Smoking is strictly forbidden
very cold
very dark
Bitterly cold سگلرز
Pitch dark ظلمات
Poverty causes crime =
instead of saying a big meal you can say a =
Breed Crimes
substantial meal.
Poverty causes crime =
a big meal =
- poverty breeds crime
- a substantial meal
Highly
Instead of very
For positive Concepts
- That is highly recommended.
- She was highly successful.
- That’s a highly profitable opportunity.
- That’s a highly effective strategy.
- That’s a highly recommended book.
Do you plan to continue your studies abroad?
Well, I would love to but that is highly unlilkely.
- Highly Controversial *
- That’s highly controversial.
- That’s a highly controversial topic.
- That’s a highly controversial theory (hypothesis).
Julia’s highly unusual behaviour was really surprising to everyone.
Absolutely / Utterly
Negative Connotation
Completely
- I was absolutely exhausted.
- I was utterly exhausted.
- That was absolutely ridiculous.
- That was absolutely stupid.
- It’s absolutely impossible.
- It’s absolutely impossible for you to learn a foreign language in just 3 months.
- I was absolutely convinced.
- The whole area was utterly devastated after the earthquake.
Deeply
For feelings
- I was deeply concerned.
- was deeply ashamed of his behaviour.
- I was deeply shocked to hear that news.
- I was deeply shocked to see that.
- I was deeply moved.
- She was deeply unhappy about it.
Ridiculously
وقتی چیزی غیرمنطقی و مسخره باشه
1) When something does not make sense
- That was ridiculously cheap.
- That was ridiculously expensive.
- The examination was ridiculously easy.
**To make a change/to make changes **
The new manager is planning to make some changes.
To change something
To make some changes
To make comment/Comments
What is a collocation?
A collocation is a pair or group of words that are often
used together. These combinations __sound natural__ to
native speakers, but students of English have to make
a special effort to learn them because they are often
difficult to guess. Some combinations just sound ‘wrong’
to native speakers of English. For example, the adjective
fast collocates with cars, but not with a glance.
We say …
fast cars
fast food
a quick glance
a quick meal
We don’t say …
quick cars
quick food
a fast glance
a fast meal
Learning collocations is an important part of learning
the vocabulary of a language.
Some collocations are fixed, or very strong, for example, take a photo, where no word other than take collocates with the photo to give the same meaning. Some collocations are more open, where several different words may be used to give a similar meaning, for example, keep to / stick to the rules.
Here are some more examples of collocations.
You must make an effort and study for your exams (NOT do an effort)
Did you watch TV last night? (NOT look at TV)
This car has a very powerful engine. It can do 200 km an hour. (NOT strong engine)
There are some ancient monuments nearby. (NOT antique monuments)
Compounds and idioms
Compounds are units of meaning formed with two or more words. Sometimes the words are written separately, sometimes they have a hyphen and sometimes they are written as one word. Usually the meaning of the compound can be guessed by knowing the meaning of the individual words. Some examples of compounds are:
car park, post office, narrow-minded, shoelaces, teapot.
Idioms are groups of words in a fixed order that have a meaning that cannot be guessed by knowing
the meaning of the individual words.
For example, pass the buck is an idiom meaning ‘to pass responsibility for a problem to another person to avoid dealing with it oneself’. We deal with idioms in detail in the book English Idioms in Use in this series.
Why learn collocations?
Learning collocations is a good idea because they can:
a) give you the most natural way to say something:
smoking is strictly forbidden is more natural
than smoking is __strongly forbidden__.
b) give you alternative ways of saying something, which may be more colourful/expressive or more precise:
instead of repeating It was __very cold and very dark__, we can say It was bitterly cold and pitch dark.
c) improve your style in writing: instead of saying poverty causes crime, you can say poverty breeds crime;
instead of saying a big meal you can say a substantial meal. You may not need or want to use these in informal conversations, but in writing they can give your text more variety and make it read better: this book includes notes about formality wherever the collocations are especially formal or informal.
