درس یازدهم Metaphor

Question 1

If someone uses a metaphor, they use a word in a way that is** slightly different** from its basic meaning.

Answer 1

For example, the first meaning of sunny is connected with the weather, so we talk about a sunny day. However, sunny can also be used in expressions like a sunny smile, the children’s sunny faces to mean happy;
in these collocations sunny is used in a metaphorical way. Metaphors are more common in written than spoken English and often have the effect of sounding quite poetic.

Question 2

Light and dark

Answer 2

Light in English is associated with happiness. So a face shines with pleasure and eyes shine with excitement or delight. If someone’s** face lights up or their eyes light up, they show that they suddenly feel happy.گل ز گلش شکفتن مثل بچه ای که باباشو یهو میبینه
If an atmosphere lightens** or a mood lightens, it becomes more relaxed or cheerful than it was. بشاش تر از قبل میشه

Darkness is associated with unhappiness and negative feelings. Dark thoughts are gloomy or sinister ones and dark days or dark times are unpleasant times to live through.
If someone’s **face darkens **or their eyes darken or someone’s expression darkens, then we know that that person is unhappy, often because they are feeling angry.

Expression: A look on one’s face that that conveys a particular emotion

Question 3

Water

Answer 3

ideas flow, conversation flows
It was a very successful meeting. The ideas flowed.

Flow suggests that things progress easily, without effort

Question 4

a flood / floods of tears, tears
streaming down someone’s face

Answer 4

The little girl was in floods of tears.
Tears were** streaming down her face**.

Both of these metaphors about tears suggest the girl is **crying a l

غرق در گریه

Question 5

people pour/stream somewhere

Answer 5

People poured out of the hall at the end of the lecture.
Pour and stream suggest lots of people moving smoothly.

تعداد زیادی از مردم

Question 6

people trickle

Answer 6

People trickled into the concert hall.
Trickle suggests** a few people** moving slowly.

Question 7

a stream of visitors/traffic

Answer 7

There was a** stream of traffic **outside our room all night.

Stream suggests continuous movement.

Question 8

Fire and heat

Answer 8

Words associated with fire and heat often suggest anger in English.
A heated debate, a heated discussion or a heated conversation is one in which people disagree in an angry way with each other. If you say that someone has a fiery temper, you mean that they often get suddenly angry.

The word flare means show a bright light in the dark. If you say tempers flared, you mean that people became angry with each other. Similarly violence flares up and troubles flare up. These all mean that problems which existed in the past suddenly become serious again.
However, not all metaphors relating to fire suggest anger. If you** feel very embarrassed, your cheeks burn with embarrassment.
A blaze is a very bright fire. We talk about a blaze of glory or a blaze of publicity** meaning there is a lot of it and it is spectacular

Publicity:
- Attention that is given to someone or something by the media
- Something that attracts the interest of the public
He attracted a lot of adverse/bad publicity with his speech about unmarried mothers.
Her first novel was published las year in a blaze (with a lot) of publicity توجه همه رو جلب کرد

Question 9

1 I could tell Maria was in a good mood by the ……………………………………….. smile on her face.
2 The little boy’s eyes ……………………………………….. when he saw his daddy approaching.
3 Let’s put some happy music on to ……………………………………….. the atmosphere. Everyone’s too serious.
4 My grandparents lived through the ……………………………………….. days of civil war from 1936 to 1939.
5 The girl’s eyes ……………………………………….. with excitement as she prepared for the party.
6 Mr Garnham’s expression ……………………………………….. as he was told the terrible news.

Answer 9

1 I could tell Maria was in a good mood by the .sunny. smile on her face.
2 The little boy’s eyes .lit up(PP light) . when he saw his daddy approaching.
3 Let’s put some happy music on to .lighten. the atmosphere. Everyone’s too serious.
4 My grandparents lived through the .dark. days of civil war from 1936 to 1939.
5 The girl’s eyes .shone/were shinig.. with excitement as she prepared for the party.
6 Mr Garnham’s expression .darkened. as he was told the terrible news.

Question 10

jason: I was in floods of tears. It was such a sad film.
Thomas: An hour before the match there was already** a trickle of vehicles** entering
the car park.
Emma: I had a heated conversation with Alice the other day.
Madeline: I didn’t think there’d be much traffic today but there was a steady stream of
vehicles on the main highway.
rob: Tempers flared, I’m afraid, and mine was one of them.
Charlotte: Everyone was** pouring out of** the stadium as I drove past.