Tough Terms Chapter 4

Question 1

Microtubule

Answer 1

-largest part of cytoskeleton
-resists compression
-highway of vesicles
-pulls chromosomes apart
-makes centrioles
-part of cilia and flagella
Made of tubulin dimers

Question 2

Nucleoid

Answer 2

Chromosomal DNA in prokaryotic cells

Question 3

Pili

Answer 3

Hair-like structures outside of prokaryotic cells

Question 4

Cell capsule

Answer 4

Outer layer of prokaryotic cell

Question 5

Cell wall

Answer 5

Middle layer of prokaryotic cell

Question 6

Cell membrane

Answer 6

Inner layer of prokaryotic cell

Question 7

Nucleolus

Answer 7

Makes ribosomes dark part of nucleus

Question 8

Nuclear envelope

Answer 8

Encloses the nucleus has pores

Double membrane

Question 9

Chromosome

Answer 9

Structure made of DNA

Question 10

Chromatin

Answer 10

DNA with attached proteins

Makes chromosomes

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

Houses DNA

Helps make ribosomes and proteins

Question 12

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

Modifies proteins and makes phospholipids

Question 13

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Makes carbs lipids and steroids
Detoxifies
Stores calcium ions

Question 14

Peroxisome

Answer 14

Has peroxide
Oxidizes amino acids and fatty acids
Detoxifies poison

Question 15

Microfilament

Answer 15

Cytoskeleton smallest component
Gives shape
Enables movement
Made of actin

Question 16

Centrosome

Answer 16

Microtubule organizing Center animals

Two perpendicular centrioles that organizes microtubules

Question 17

Intermediate filaments

Answer 17

Medium size filaments
Bear tension
Anchor organelles
Give shape

Question 18

Centrioles

Answer 18

Tube made of nine triplets of microtubules

Question 19

Difference between animals and plants

Answer 19

Animals have centrioles and lysosomes

Plants have cell walls chloroplasts and vacuoles

Question 20

Eukaryotic cells plasma membranes are embedded with

Answer 20

Proteins

Question 21

Glycoprotein

Answer 21

Protein plus carb

Question 22

Glycolipid

Answer 22

Lipid plus carb

Question 23

Nucleus

Answer 23

1 per cell
largest organelle
bigger than prokaryotic cells

Question 24

Parts of nucleus

Answer 24

Endoplasmic reticulum
 nucleolus 
chromatin 
nuclear envelope
 nuclear pore
 nucleoplasm

Question 25

Nuclear envelope

Answer 25

- 2 layers - nuclear pores - separates transcription from translation - ribosomes

Question 26

Nuclear pores

Answer 26

Connect nucleoplasm to cytoplasm Regulate the flow of molecules back and forth Many require a nuclear localization signal to pass through

Question 27

Nuclear pores

Answer 27

Connect nucleoplasm to cytoplasm Regulate the flow of molecules back and forth Many require a nuclear localization signal to pass through

Question 28

Ribosomes

Answer 28

-Direct protein synthesis -bigger in eukaryotes -have 2 subunits Made of rRNA and proteins

Question 29

Plant cell wall

Answer 29

-protector outside of plasma membrane | Made of cellulose

Question 30

Prokaryotic cell wall

Answer 30

Made of peptidoglycan

Question 31

Xylem

Answer 31

Plant vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients

Question 32

The hollow portion of the rough ER is called the lumen on the

Answer 32

Cisternal space

Question 33

Cilia and flagella have a

Answer 33

9+2 structure 9 doublets on outside 2 unfused on the inside Spokes connect doublets to middle Cilia are shorter and more numerous Beating patterns differ

Question 34

Extracellular junctions

Answer 34

Plant cell wall Gives support protects from infection Has plasmodesmata

Question 35

Osmoregulation

Answer 35

Keeping the osmotic pressure in an organism's liquids constant